2016年5月7日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Aquatic Desert Animals

2016年5月7日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Aquatic Desert Animals

Aquatic Desert Animals

It may seem surprising, but desert animals have made few specific bodily adaptations to the desert environment. Rather, they manage to survive through proper timing of their biological activities, and this is best illustrated by semiaquatic and aquatic desert animals.

The aquatic nature of amphibians makes them seem unlikely desert residents. Reproduction requires open water, where the female and male deposit the eggs and sperm, respectively, and fertilization occurs. Development of the fertilized eggs occurs in water, and the gilled and legless juveniles must swim and feed in water. It is only the adult that can survive on land, but the poorly developed lungs and water-permeable skin restrict them to moister habitats. Amphibians best the odds, not with extremely adaptive structures or organic processes but with a life history in which their activity and reproduction occur during brief periods of favorable conditions. And no amphibian better illustrates this ability than the spadefoot toad of the southern United States deserts.

During the drier winter season the adult spade foot remains dormant underground, sometimes nearly a meter deep. Nested below the surface, where the toad is protected from desiccating air and temperature extremes, the spadefoot is enveloped by unshed skin that forms a cocoon of sorts. Water stored in tissue and in the bladder is slowly lost, but the spadefoot is able to lose some 50 percent of its water and survive. And so the toad waits, sometimes for more than two years, until heavy rains come with enough moisture to create temporary pools in which it can reproduce.

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托福阅读真题题目：

1.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Amphibians have not been able to develop the structures or processes needed to survive in the desert.

B.Desert amphibians survive not through physical adaptations or organic processes but by being active and reproducing during favorable conditions.

C.The life history of desert amphibians begins with reproduction followed by short periods of activity.

D.Desert amphibians require favorable conditions in order to develop the kinds of physical adaptations needed to survive in the desert.

正确答案：C

2.According to paragraph 3, the spadefoot toad is able to survive the drier winter season for all of the following seasons EXCEPT:

A.It remains inactive deep underground during the winter months.

B.It is protected from harsh conditions by a layer of un-shed skin that surrounds its body.

C.It is able to survive losing half of the water from its body.

D.It warms itself during periods of less extreme temperatures.

正确的答案：D

3.The word “Hastening” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.Waking up

B.Moving

C.Hurrying

D.Returning

正确的答案：C

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