2017年11月26日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Children's play

2017年11月26日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Children's play

Psychologists divide early childhood play into distinct developmental stages. Sensorimotor play (play involving both sensory and motor activity) begins very early and develops in much the same way in all cultures. Infants progress from playing with their fingers and toes to manipulating external objects such rattles and stuffed animals, to fully functional play (using objects serve the functions they normally have), which appears by the end of the first year. So a twelve-month-old infant is more inclined to turn the dial on a toy phone than merely sucking on or banging the toy.

1.The word “distinct” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.standard

B.major

C.separate

D.brief

2.The word “merely” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.constantly

B.primarily

C.simply

D.automatically

3.It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that an example of fully functional sensorimotor play would be a child

A.banging pots and pans

B.sucking on a toy phone

C.manipulating rattles and stuffed animals

D.turning knobs and pushing buttons on a toy television set

Perhaps the most significant breakthrough in play activities is the emergence of the symbolic (or pretend) play stage at eleven to thirteen months of age.▋The earliest episodes of pretending are simple ones in which infants pretend to engage in familiar activities such as eating, drinking, or sleeping. ▊But by eighteen to twenty-four months of age, toddlers have progressed to a point where they will pretend to perform multiple acts in a meaningful sequence.▋ They can also coordinate their actions with those of a play partner, making social games of imitating each other and sometimes even cooperating to achieve a goal. Parents foster this development by providing toddlers with a secure base of affection and by playing along with their child's little dramas.▊

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