2016年11月19日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Characteristics of Tropical Rain Forests

2016年11月19日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Characteristics of Tropical Rain Forests

Almost all the action in a rain forest (not just photosynthesis but also flowering, fruiting, predation, and herbivory) happens high in the canopy, the leafy green roof of the forest. Apart from the trees, the vegetation is largely composed of plant forms that reach up into the canopy by climbing the trees (for example, vines) or root in the damp, upper branches (epiphytes). The epiphytes depend on the sparse resources of mineral nutrients that they extract from crevices and pockets of the organic matter of soil found on the tree branches. The plants and animals of the canopy are not easy to study; even to gain access to the flowers in order to identify the species of tree is difficult without the erection of tree walks. It is a measure of the problems of doing research in rain forests that botanists have trained monkeys to collect and throw down flowers and a research team has used hot air balloons to move over the canopy and work in it.

1.The word “sparse” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.highly varied

B.natural

C.protected

D.thinly distributed

2.The author mentions monkeys and hot air balloons in paragraph 1 in order to

A.emphasize how difficult it is to do research in tropical rain forests

B.compare the tools used by different researchers working in rain forests

C.explain why tree walks are still the preferred way of gaining access to flower samples for research

D.illustrate that most of the activity in a tropical rain forest happens in the canopy

3.Select TWO answer choices that describe characteristics of epiphytes discussed in paragraph 1. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.

A.Epiphytes live in the rain forest canopy.

B.Epiphytes are a source of food for monkeys.

C.Epiphytes flower and fruit seasonally.

D.Epiphytes obtain their food from mineral deposits on tree branches.

Most species of animals and plants in tropical rain forests are active throughout the year, though the plants may flower and ripen fruit in sequence. In Trinidad, for example, the forest contains at least 18 closely related trees in the genus Miconia whose combined fruiting seasons extend throughout the year; this contrasts with the situation in temperate latitudes.

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