2019年8月24日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Iron working in Africa

2019年8月24日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Iron working in Africa

Many scholars believe that the secret of iron smelting (the process of extracting the iron from the rock that contains it) came with Phoenician merchants. The Phoenicians living on the shores of the Mediterranean were smelting iron by 1,000 B.C.E. They were a seafaring people whose square-rigged ships sailed along the North African coast, where they established settlements that became colonies. The most famous was Cathay, modern Tunisia, founded about 800 B.C.E, but other settlement there scattered along the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast of Africa as far south as Mauritania. The indigenous peoples of North Africa who surrounded these Phoenician colonies were Berbers who cultivated wheat, barley, and millet on the rich coast, lands between their pastures for sheep. goats, and cattle. The Phoenicians were traders as well as sailors who exchanged iron implements and the technology to make them in return for the livestock of the Berbers.

1.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.The Berbers supplied labor for the Phoenician colonies, working in their fields and caring for their animals.

B.Surrounding the Phoenician were the Berbers, native North African people who grew grains and raised animals.

C.The Berbers grew wheat, barley, and millet on the lowlands surrounding Phoenician animal pastures.

D.Like the native Berbers, the Phoenician colonies grew wheat, barley, and millet and millet and raised sheep, goals, and cattle.

2.According to paragraph 1, many scholars believe that iron smelting in Africa first began when the technique was

A.brought by Phoenicians who settled on the North African coast

B.discovered by the Berbers around 1,000 B.C.E

C.brought back from Phoenicia by seafaring African merchants

D.discovered in Carthage in modern Tunisia around 800 B.C.E

By 600 B.C.E, Carthage had become a wealthy and powerful city in the western Mediterranean whose commerce depended on goods brought across the Sahara by the pastoral, nomadic, Berbers of the interior who controlled the early trans-Saharan routes. ▋Two hundred years later, these routes were to become great arteries of trade between Africa and the Mediterranean world in 500 B.C.E.▋However, they were paths used to connect the chain of Saharan oases inhabited by Berbers who since great antiquity had maintained the line of communications and contacts between the regions of Africa south of the Sahara and Mediterranean coast north of it. ▋The paintings in the rock shelters of the Sahara graphically depict the two-wheeled, horse-drawn chariots, most probably used for war but also able to transport African gold, ivory, and slaves taken in raids in return for salt, cloth, beads, and iron from North Africa.▋

3.Why does the author include the information that rock shelters in the Sahara contain images of “two-wheeled, horse-drawn chariots”?

A.To support the claim that the Berbers used horses to carry their soldiers in times of war

B.To show how scholars discovered that the Berbers used slaves

C.To argue that the ancient Berbers obtained goods primarily by raids

D.To help explain how the Berbers maintained contact and trade between the northern coast and interior of Africa

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