2017年3月4日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Mesopotamian and Egyptian Settlements

2017年3月4日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Mesopotamian and Egyptian Settlements

Two of the world’s most ancient civilizations, Egypt and Mesopotamia in present-day Iraq, can be contrasted as opposite poles on a continuum of settlement types, with Mesopotamia representing larger city-states and Egypt characterized by village-states. Mesopotamian city-state systems were made up of densely populated urban areas. The different city-state systems shared common status symbols, language, and economic systems; but their respective elites tended to compete with each other, often militarily, to control territory, trade routes, and other resources. Each city-state controlled a relatively small territory, often only a few hundred square kilometers, and had its own capital city, which in many cases was enclosed by a wall. In addition to its capital, a city-state might govern a number of smaller centers as well as numerous farming villages and hamlets. Ancient Sumer is a classic example of such a system.

1.The word “classic” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.interesting

B.frequent

C.typical

D.useful

2.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about how the different Mesopotamian city-states related to each other?

A.They encouraged their elites to cooperate with each other.

B.They developed distinct languages and cultures.

C.They disagreed on maintaining their independent status symbols.

D.The engaged in wars to control territory and resources.

3.According to paragraph 1, all of the following statements are true about ancient Mesopotamian city-states EXCEPT:

A.They had capital cities that were often surrounded by walls.

B.Some ruled a number of smaller population centers.

C.They shared an army to protect their common interests.

D.They controlled land areas that were relatively small.

In ancient Mesopotamia, urban centers tended to be relatively large, with populations ranging from fewer than 1,000 to more than 100,000 inhabitants, depending on the ability of a particular city-state to control and appropriate food or other resources from neighboring city-states. Often, a considerable number of farmers and others lived in these centers to secure greater protection for themselves and their possessions. It is estimated that between 2900 and 2350 B.C. in southern Mesopotamia more than 80 percent of the total population lived in cities.

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