2016年10月22日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Raising Bees in Asia

2016年10月22日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Raising Bees in Asia

In certain parts of Asia, there have been important and ongoing efforts to raise the living standards of residents. Honeybees have a role to play in sustainable agricultural development. ▋ They can be utilized with minimal investment, do not require land ownership, and provide non-perishable products of high economic and food value. ▋ In addition, keeping bees enhances crop production by providing incidental pollination services, and can help replace wild pollinators in compromised ecosystems. ▋ Beekeeping can have a role in building families and communities. It has been promoted as a means of enhancing the status of women by providing them with an independent income stream. ▋ Bees can be kept in the home garden on a part-time basis and this does not interfere with other income-producing or family activities.

1.The word “promoted” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.relied on

B.practiced

C.considered

D.encouraged

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as one of the advantages of beekeeping?

A.It can increase plant pollination by making up for low levels of wild pollinators.

B.It can be used to control agricultural pests inexpensively.

C.It can be combined easily with other ongoing domestic activities.

D.It makes available valuable food products that are economically profitable.

3.According to paragraph 1, beekeeping offers which of the following social advantages?

A.It makes land ownership easier.

B.It allows new families to enter already established communities.

C.It provides an alternative to more physically demanding types of work.

D.It improves the condition of women by enabling them to earn their own money.

There is considerable discussion on how best to encourage the development of beekeeping. Central to this debate is whether beginning beekeepers should be encouraged to use the indigenous bee species A. cerana or the non-native bee species A. mellifera. There is not argument that, in comparative side-by-side trials, the A. mellifera bee species is 2 – 10 times more productive than the A. cerana bee species (reviewed in a study by Verma, 1991), an outcome that led Verma to comment humorously that the A. mellifera beekeeper drives an important truck while the A. cerana beekeeper still rides a bicycle. Furthermore, cash-flow analyses show that across a number of countries, under a variety of assumptions, A. mellifera beekeeping always provides superior returns (profits) in the long run. Nevertheless, under some circumstance A. cerana may be the better choice for farmers with limited economic means because the start-up and maintenance costs are minimal. A. millifera is seriously affected by the mite pests Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae, whereas A. cerana is essentially unaffected.  A. mellifera currently requires mite pesticide treatments that are expensive and potentially dangerous to beekeepers and unacceptable to their customers. These afflictions also mean that A. mellifera cannot be successfully kept in low-cost box hives, but require modern, expensive, movable frame hives.  Conversely, A. cerana can be successfully kept in rough containers and will generally take care of themselves.

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