托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Seashell Artifacts

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Seashell Artifacts

In the 1960s, in the city of Varna on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, archaeologists uncovered a vast necropolis, a prehistoric burial site, comprising at least 300 graves dug over six and a half thousand years ago. ▋In some of the graves they found ornaments made of gold and other rare materials. ▋The attire of the most opulently outfitted Varna man, believe to have been the community leader, included an exquisite seashell bracelet that had been broken and mended with a gold plate.▋ The seashell was from a marine animal Spondylus ( “spiny oyster”) that had not come from the Black Sea but was from hundreds of miles away. ▋Found across Europe, most ancient Spondylus artifacts were apparently made from shells collected while the animals were still alive and attached to their native rock homes; there are few signs of wear to suggest they spent time in the surf before collected. When scientists analyzed the oxygen in ancient Spondylus objects, they found a chemical signature that became part of the shells while they grew. This revealed their Mediterranean origins, and in particular the warm, clear waters of the Aegean Sea. It was here, around the seventh or sixth millennium B.C., that local artisans began fashioning Spondylus shells into ornaments, including many ring-shapes, which were likely worn around the arms as bracelets.

1.The word “exquisite” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.extremely beautiful

B.traditional

C.damaged

D.ancient

2.According to paragraph 1, how did scientists determine where the Spondylus shells found in the Varna necropolis came from?

A.By comparing the shells with present-day Spondylus shells from several different seas.

B.By identifying the shells as those of a marine animal that is only found in the Black Sea.

C.By analyzing the chemical composition of the shells.

D.By testing pieces of rock attached to the shells.

3.According to paragraph 1, all of the following statements about Spondylus shells are true EXCEPT:

A.They were found in at least 300 different graves on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

B.They seem to have been taken from living animals.

C.They were first made into ornaments near the Aegean Sea coast.

D.They were used to make ring-shaped ornaments that were probably worn on the arm.

The meaning instilled in all these objects made from Aegean Spondylus remains part of what archaeologist Michel Louis Seferiades described as a “halo of mysteries.” There is no doubting their value and deep significance, given how many people across such a large area buried their dead with them. Accumulating objects made not just from shells but from gold, copper, and other exotic materials seems to have been a sign of high rank or prestige, the preserve of chiefs and revered elders. Many Spondylus objects are rubbed and worn in ways that suggests they were used for a long time and passed between people, picking up stories and becoming heirlooms ( family treasures passed down through generations). Remains of a few workshops have been uncovered, farther from the Aegean coast, where people。。。。。余下托福阅读真题原文及题目答案省略！

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