2019年6月29日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Sea Life Adaptations in the Deep Ocean

2019年6月29日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Sea Life Adaptations in the Deep Ocean

Marine scientists identify several zones within the ocean’s vertical water column, from the sunlit surface to the deep, dark floor. ▋In the top layer, enough sunlight penetrates to allow photosynthesis and support a community of abundant life. ▋Below the sunlit zone is the mid-water level, called the mesopelagic zone, which receives only dim sunlight. ▋Fish and other creatures in the mesopelagic zone have adapted to low light and low oxygen levels.▋

Common adaptations among hunters in the mesopelagic zone are sensitive eyes and other light-detecting organs that perceive outlines and movement at low light levels. Typically, such devices are a hundred times more sensitive to light than human eyes. Predators and prey tend to adopt camouflage strategies that involve body transparency, color patterns and photophores (light-producing organs) that break up the body outline, or, as in the case of hatchet fishes, a body flattened from side to side to yield only a narrow silhouette when viewed from below.

1.According to paragraph 2, all of the following help predators in the mesopelagic zone survive EXCEPT

A.light-detecting organs

B.the ability to see prey passing under them

C.a flat body

D.color patterns that disguise the body outline

2.The word “perceive” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.follow

B.evaluate

C.see

D.react to

Creatures living in the upper part of the mesopelagic, where light intensities are higher, are more likely to be transparent. Zooplankton that penetrate the deeper levels of the mesopelagic are commonly orange, red, or purple but in the blue-green background light are perceived as black or inconspicuous gray. Some mesopelagic fish have elongate (long and narrow) bodies, which may be a means of extending the length of the lateral line – a vibration-detecting organ – thereby raising sensitivity for detecting predators or prey.

3.According to paragraph 3, which organisms are likely to be transparent?

A.Those that are not good at detecting prey

B.Those that live in places where the light is blue-green

C.Those with elongate bodies

D.Those that live in the brighter part of the mesopelagic zone

4.In paragraph 3, the author discusses mesopelagic fish with elongate bodies in order to

A.provide an example of how deep-sea organisms increase their sensitivity to light

B.argue that extending the length of the lateral line helps animals blend in with their surroundings

C.explain the relationship between body shape and body transparency

D.describe an alternative to eyesight for detecting other animals in dark waters

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