2016年12月3日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Qualities of a Good Trout Stream

2016年12月3日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Qualities of a Good Trout Stream

There are a number of streams in the United States in which trout (a species of fish) flourish. Such streams as the Gunnison River, the Battenskill River, Silver Creek, and numerous others throughout the country are famed for the abundance of trout that live in them. Yet look at the range of geographical locations in which these streams occur: from deciduous eastern forests to coniferous forests to sagebrush steppe-desert regions. Obviously, they must have something in common if all support robust populations of these fish. What are the common conditions that produce a productive and viable trout habitat?

1.The word “robust” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.similar

B.evidence

C.natural

D.healthy

2.In paragraph 1, why does the author mention the differing environments of three trout streams in the United States?

A.To indicate that the features of good trout streams have been studied in various geographical regions

B.To challenge the idea that most rivers in the United States are unsuitable for trout

C.To identify the three streams with the most abundant trout populations

D.To make the reader wonder what makes a good stream

Trout streams are generally cool- to cold-water streams, and most trout species prefer cold water. Brown trout, however, generally tolerate warmer temperatures than other trout do, and they can be found at lower elevations or in warmer stream sections. Preferred temperatures range from 10C to 16C. As water temperatures approach about 21C, trout are less able to compete with other fish species for food and other resources. Lethal temperatures for trout range from 23C to 26C, depending on the species. Each life stage and function (e.g. swimming) has optimal temperatures, and these optima vary with species.

3.The word “optimal” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.exact

B.ideal

C.different

D.special

4.Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about water temperatures of trout streams?

A.Trout are able to tolerate higher water temperatures than most other types of fish.

B.Most species of trout prefer water temperatures between 16C and 21C.

C.No species of trout is able to survive in water temperatures higher than 26C.

D.Brown trout generally prefer the water temperature of streams at high elevations.

Cover is also vital to trout survival, so good trout streams contain an adequate amount and diversity of cover to provide shelter from predators and strong currents. This cover can be quite diverse and includes vegetation, boulders in the streambed, overhanging banks, logs, root wads, undercut areas in the bank of the stream, and even shade from overhanging objects. Trout are territorial; that is, each trout tends to remain in a relatively small area of the stream, however, the area of a stream that a trout prefers varies with both its age and species. Thus, adequate cover that provides suitable trout habitats must be present throughout the stream or river, not just here and there.

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