2019年6月16日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Temperature Regulation in Turtles

2019年6月16日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Temperature Regulation in Turtles

While turtle species vary widely in size and habitat, all must control their body temperatures for essential functions. Turtles can achieve a considerable degree of stability in body temperature by regulating their exchange of heat energy with the environment. Turtles exposing themselves to the sun on a log in a pond are a familiar sight in many parts of the world, because few pond turtles are large enough to maintain body temperatures higher than the temperature of the water surrounding them. Emerging from the water to bask is the only way most pond turtles can raise their body temperatures to speed digestion, growth, and the production of eggs. In addition, basking may help aquatic turtles to rid themselves of algae and leeches. Exposure to ultraviolet light may activate vitamin D, which is involved in controlling calcium deposition in their bones and shell. A few turtles spend quite a lot of time in trees; these turtles have small shells that allow considerable freedom of movement for limbs. The big-headed turtle from Southeast Asia lives in fast-flowing streams at high altitudes and is said to climb on rocks and trees to bask. In North America musk turtles bask on overhanging branches and drop into the water when they are disturbed.

1.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Because turtles need to maintain body temperatures that are higher than the temperature of the water in most ponds, pond turtles have to spend a lot of time on logs.

B.Since most pond turtles are too small to maintain body temperatures above the temperature of the water they are in, they often sun themselves on logs.

C.Before small pond turtles have grown large enough to maintain high body temperatures in pond water, they can be seen sunning themselves on logs.

D.The fact that small pond turtles often expose themselves to the sun shows that such turtles need to maintain higher body temperatures than most other turtles do.

2.According to paragraph 1, basking may benefit turtles in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A.making them grow faster

B.activating vitamin D

C.helping them digest food faster

D.making their shells harder

3.According to paragraph 1, having small shells allows turtles to

A.live in fast-flowing streams

B.move their legs more freely

C.live at higher altitudes

D.get into the water faster when disturbed

Small terrestrial turtles, such as box turtles and small species of tortoises, can thermoregulate by moving between sunlight and shade. Small tortoises warm and cool quite rapidly, and they appear to behave very much like other small reptiles in selecting suitable microclimates for thermoregulation. Familiarity with a home range may assist this type of thermoregulation. A study conducted in Italy compared the thermoregulation of Hermann’s tortoises living in their own home range with individuals that were brought to the study site and tested before they had learned their way around. The resident tortoises warmed faster and maintained more stable shell temperatures than did the strangers.

4.According to paragraph 2, in what way are small turtles and small tortoises like other small reptiles?

A.According to paragraph 2, in what way are small turtles and small tortoises like other small reptiles?

B.They prefer home ranges that contain more sunlight than shade.

C.They control their body temperature by choosing an appropriate microclimate.

D.They quickly learn their way around unfamiliar territory.

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