2016年12月3日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Classic Mayan Collapse

2016年12月3日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Classic Mayan Collapse

The Classic Mayan civilization, located in the lowlands of present-day southern Mexico and Central America, began a precipitous decline around A.D. 900. The majority of the people abandoned their great urban centers, buildings were no longer kept up, and carved monuments – a hallmark of the civilization – were no longer created. Various theories about this collapse have been explored, such as invasion from foreigners, natural disaster, disease, failure of agricultural techniques, and internal revolt, although it is a combination of factors that probably constitutes the ultimate explanation.

1.According to paragraph 1, which of the following indicated the collapse of Mayan civilization around A.D. 900?

A.The Maya stopped carving stone monuments.

B.The Maya no longer explored foreign lands.

C.Most of the Maya moved to urban centers.

D.The Maya adopted foreign agricultural techniques.

When one looks at the remains of a city, it is difficult to determine why a building collapsed. Whether caused by natural disaster, natural decay, or structural weakness, the rubble and remains can look very similar. There is no historical record of earthquakes in the central Mayan lowland area at the end of the Classic period, although some evidence suggests that Mayan centers in the southern lowlands experienced earthquakes. Hurricanes can destroy significant quantities of crops and are therefore another possibility; however, the effects of both hurricanes and earthquakes are generally local and not so widespread as to cause the abandonment of the entire lowlands. An ill-timed natural disaster certainly could have  compounded other problems brewing in Mayan civilization.

2.What point does the author want to make in paragraph 2 about earthquakes?

A.Earthquakes were the most likely cause for the collapse of Classic Mayan civilization.

B.It cannot be determined from examination of the remains of Mayan buildings whether or not they were destroyed by earthquakes.

C.The historical records of earthquakes in Mayan lowlands are not accurate.

D.Many different earthquakes contributed to the abandonment of the entire Mayan lowlands.

3.According to paragraph 2, why is it unlikely that a natural disaster was the only cause of the collapse of Mayan civilization?

A.There were no earthquakes or hurricanes at the end of the Classic period.

B.Buildings collapsed as a result of natural decay and structural weaknesses.

C.Natural disasters did not occur often enough to cause lasting damage to Mayan crops.

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