2017年9月17日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The United States Interstate Highway System

2017年9月17日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The United States Interstate Highway System

The United States Interstate System was initiated in 1956 under a law that outlined a system of more than 40,000 miles of roads from coast to coast and border to border, to link major cities and most state capitals. These highways, over 95 percent complete by 1990, had some important advantages over traditional long-distance routes. Speed was the most obvious one, with a coast-to-coast auto trip that had taken 50 or more days in 1900 down to four or fewer by 1990, Equally important in urban areas, these roads could carry a high volume of traffic, even during congested, peak commuting hours. Safety was a third critical advantage. Since cross traffic was eliminated and opposite direction traffic separated, there were fewer opportunities for collision.
1.According to paragraph 1, one of the main purposes of the Interstate Highway System was to

A.reduce the volume of traffic in urban areas

B.reduce traffic during peak commuting hours

C.reduce the miles traveled by commuters

D.link major cities and state capitals

2.According to paragraph 1, what made the Interstate Highways safer than traditional long-distance routes?

A.Interstate Highways greatly reduced the amount of time drivers had to spend on the road.

B.Interstate Highways were specially designed to carry a high volume of traffic.

C.Interstate Highways reduced the opportunities for collisions.

D.Interstate Highways were designed to reduce congestion during peak commuting hours.

There were limitations to the Interstate Highway system. While speed was increased, route choice was decreased, since there were so few roads planned. Often it became more time-efficient for drivers to drive out of their way on Interstate than take a shorter but less speedy local route. This, of course, increased fuel consumption and its ensuing pollution. Interstates also limited access to desired locations, such as businesses or even entire communities, due to location of entrances and exits to the highway. High-speed travel also brought a new, blurred image of the landscape through which drivers passed.

3.According to paragraph 2, the Interstate Highway system had each of the following negative effects EXCEPT

A.isolating communities that were at some distance from exists and entrances

B.increasing the amount of time most people spent driving a particular route

C.increasing pollution

D.requiring drivers to use greater amount of fuel

Perhaps the most serious change caused by the Interstate Highway system was the new order which it brought to the built landscape. Residential patterns were altered as suburbs extended farther into areas outside cities. Commuting distance of 60 or more miles (97 or more kilometers) became possible, if not acceptable, to everyone. This, coupled with other government-sponsored programs, hastened population movement from the cities to the suburbs after 1945. Businesses were equally affected, particularly neighborhood shopping areas and small-town downtowns. Commercial areas reoriented to points of traffic concentration – Interstate interchanges and routes leading to them. Just as nineteenth-century downtowns had clustered near railroad depots, the new dispersed commercial zones concentrated at Interstate interchanges. Interstate Highways also allowed certain businesses, such as light industry, greater freedom of locational choice and many former inner city enterprises relocated to suburbs or small towns as a result.

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