2019年9月21日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The population and economy in sixteenth-century Europe

2019年9月21日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The population and economy in sixteenth-century Europe

Over the course of the sixteenth century, the European population increased by about a third. The rise in population dramatically affected the lives of ordinary Europeans. In the early part of the century, the first phase of growth brought prosperity. The land was still not farmed to capacity, and extra hand meant increased productivity, as there was uncultivated land that could be plowed, convenient room for new housing, and enough public pastures and woodlands to be shared. The population increase was a welcome development. Even when rural communities began to reach their natural limits as people’s needs pressed against nature’s resources, opportunity still existed in the burgeoning towns and cities. At first the cycle was beneficial, surplus on the farms led to economic growth in the towns. Growth in the towns meant more opportunities for those on the farms. More food supported more workers, and more workers produce more goods and services, which were exchanged for more food.
1.In describing the land as not farmed “to capacity” the author means that the land was not being.

A.used to its full agricultural potential.

B.used in a profitable way.

C.farmed efficiently.

D.farmed in a planned way.

2.The word “cycle” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.long period of time marked by stability

B.pattern of events that repeats itself

C.expansion

D.result

3.According to paragraph 1, all of the following help to explain European prosperity in the sixteenth century EXCEPT

A.The availability of uncultivated land that could be used for farming

B.An increase in the number of workers in cities and towns

C.Improvements in design that made new housing more convenient

D.An increase in the productivity of farms due to an increase in farm workers

The first waves of migrants to towns found opportunity everywhere. ▋Even the most lucrative textile and provisioning trades were recruiting new members, and apprenticeships were easy to find. ▋A shortage of casual labor kept wages at a decent rate. ▋Successful migrants encouraged kin from their villages to move to the towns and sponsored their state in trade or service.▋ For a while, rural families did not have to make elaborate preparations to provide for their younger sons and daughters, they could be sent to the towns. Instead of saving every extra penny to give their children a start in life, farmers could purchase some luxury goods or expand their landholdings.
4.According to paragraph 2, how did the early growth of towns affect rural families?

A.Expanding town populations meant there was less land for farming families.

B.Rural families could depend on towns to provide their children with opportunities for work.

C.Rural migrants to towns returned to their villages to work and support their families.

D.Many rural families began to combine selling crops with the production of luxury goods.

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