2017年5月27日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Effects of Plate Tectonics on Species

2017年5月27日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Effects of Plate Tectonics on Species

Plate tectonics is the theory that attempts to explain the large-scale motions of great plates of Earth’s crust as they move about over geologic time. These motions have had a great effect on the biology of all the continents. Although the relationship between the plate tectonic processes and the evolution of life is complex, data from fossil remains provide convincing evidence of the influence of plate movement on the distribution of organisms.

1.According to paragraph 1, in what way are fossil remains useful for studying the biology of the continents?

A.They show that the continents originally had similar patterns of organism distribution.

B.They show that the evolution of life is affected by many complex influences.

C.They show that organism distribution is affected by tectonic plate movement.

D.They help explain the distribution of Earth’s geologic plates.

The present distribution of plants and animals is not random but is controlled largely by climate and geographic barriers. The world’s biota—its collection of plant and animal life—occupy biotic provinces, regions characterized by distinctive assemblages of plants and animals. Organisms within a province have similar ecological requirements, and the boundaries that separate provinces are therefore natural ecological breaks. Climatic or geographic barriers are the most common province boundaries, and these are largely controlled by plate movements.

2.According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of biotic provinces EXCEPT:

A.Each contains plants and animals with similar ecological needs.

B.They are often separated by climatic or geographic barriers.

C.Their boundaries are natural ecological breaks.

D.Organisms in nearby biotic provinces have similar ecological requirements.

Because adjacent provinces usually have less than 20 percent of their species in common, global diversity is a direct reflection of the number of provinces; the more provinces there are, the greater the global diversity. ▋ When continents break up, for example, the opportunity to form new provinces increases, with a resultant increase in diversity. ▋Just the opposite occurs when continents come together. ▋Plate tectonics thus plays an important role in the distribution of organisms and their evolutionary history.  ▋

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