2018年7月14日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Egypt in Early World History

2018年7月14日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Egypt in Early World History

The origins of Ancient Egypt represent some of the first stances of complex human societies. Indeed, the Nile Valley is the perfect place to start a state-level society. The annual flood brings fertile silts from the Ethiopian highlands to the plains along the Nile River Valley, allowing agriculture to continue indefinitely without overtaxing the soil. Evidence suggests that the inhabitants of the upper Nile region( that is  the"upstream " or southern regions of Egypt )were harvesting wild barley as early as 10,000 B.C.E. Perhaps as early as 5000 B.C.E., permanent agricultural settlements had been established both in the upper and lower Nile regions. These settlements Were similar in some ways to other sites found in what is now known as Egypt's Western Desert. Pottery found at the early Nile sites is of a style also found across the West African Sahel and North African region. This evidence suggests that the early Nile settlers may have come to the river valley to escape a savanna (grassland )that was beginning to make the transition to desert. Still during the period up to the third millennium B CE, the region around the Nile Valley was well enough watered by rain to support some degree of agriculture, so it is probably more accurate to think of the drying of the Sahara as a series of gentle pushes rather than as a single dramatic shove out of the region.

1.Paragraph 1 suggests that Ancient Egypt was able to support one of the first complex human societies because the Nile River Valley

A.naturally contained a variety of wild ants that provided reliable sources of food

B.experienced yearly flooding that kept the soil fertile making it well suited to agriculture

C.was protected from invasion because the river provided a natural barrier from the Western Desert

D.was one of the few areas that had transitioned from a desert to a grassland

2.Select the two answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are potential evidence that the people who established early agricultural settlements in the Nile regions had previously lived in other regions. To receive full credit, you must select TWO answers.

A.People living in the region now known as Egypt's Western Desert began growing barley 5000 years before people in the Nile region did.

B.Settlements in the upper and lower Nile regions resembled settlements in Egypt's Western Desert.

C.Pottery found in early Nile settlements was of the same style as pottery found in the West African Sahel and North African region.

D.Land in the Nile River Valley began rapidly changing from savanna to desert following many centuries of agriculture.

During the period from 3600 to 3300 B.E, the settlements along the upper Nile appear to have begun the process of creating what anthropologists call complex societies by developing a specialization of labor and moving toward more hierarchical political and economic systems. Two of these early Nile states have been excavated and examined in some detail: Nagada and Hierakonpolis Nagada was located just north of where the city of Thebes would later be established, and Hierakonpolis lay just to the south. The inhabitants of both proto-states undertook a process o environmental modification. They cleared trees and heavy growth to expand the area of cultivated land and also built dykes and canals to control the flow of water. These efforts were successful enough that by around 3500 B.C.E. they had expanded the amount of arable land fourfold and led to a population explosion of up to 1,000 percent-perhaps reaching a population density o 1,000 persons per square kilometer. Such an increase is a simony both to their ingenuity and to the bounty of the Nile Further, the major towns of Nagada and Hierakonpolis were walled suggesting that the inhabitants were sometimes forced to defend their newly created wealth from their neighbors.

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