2019年10月19日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Extinction of the Mammoths

2019年10月19日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Extinction of the Mammoths

该篇托福阅读真题分别在2017.10.28，2018.06.30，2019.05.26重考过，咱们一起来看一下吧！

Ancient relatives of modern-day African and Asian elephants, mammoths reigned as giants on land for more than three million years. Most mammoths lived during the Pleistocene epoch – a span of time approximately 1.8 million to ten thousand years ago, when long periods of intense cold were occasionally interrupted by shorter cycles of warmer weather. By the time the Pleistocene ended, about eleven thousand years ago, the mammoths had nearly vanished. Some scientists blame a natural climatic event for the extinction of these Ice-Age giants. “Overchill” is a popular term to describe this theory.

1. The word “occasionally” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A) surprisingly

B) apparently

C) suddenly

D) sometimes

2. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of mammoths EXCEPT:

A) They are related to modern elephants.

B) They lived during a period of mostly cold weather.

C) They were nearly extinct by the end of the Pleistocene.

D) They began decreasing in numbers about 1.8 million years ago.

The climate model of extinction suggests that about thirteen thousand years ago, worldwide temperatures increased by as much as 11 degrees Fahrenheit (6 degrees Celsius) within just a decade or two, and moisture and temperature extremes between summer and winter became more pronounced. While summers became much hotter and drier, winters may have been colder and wetter. The change in climate meant a shorter growing season for plants.

3. In paragraph 2, all of the following are mentioned in the climate model of extinction EXCEPT

A) shorter summers and longer winters

B) an overall increase in global temperatures

C) less rain in the summer and more rain and snow in the winter

D) a decrease in winter temperatures and an increase in summer temperatures

To endure, plant species became limited to those habitats where they grew best. As a result, the kinds and diversity of plants in many parts of the world changed drastically. To illustrate this point, let’s say that during the ice ages, mammoths and other large herbivores feasted on a diet of plants A, B, and C. When the climate changed in the Late Pleistocene, plant A shifted northward to land where it could grow better. Meanwhile, plant B shifted westward, and Plant C shifted southward. The ABC combination of plants was no longer available.

4. The word “drastically” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A) extremely

B) gradually

C) unexpectedly

D) uncontrollably

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