2019年7月6日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Sensing Airflow

2019年7月6日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Sensing Airflow

Sensing the flow of air over the body can be useful to an animal that flies. On a large scale, if an animal can sense the speed and direction of the relative wind, it can keep itself aligned with its intended flight direction by correcting for the transient effects of wind gusts. On a much finer scale, if an animal could detect the fine details of airflows, particularly on its wings, it could, in principle, adjust its movements to optimize its wing stroke. Biologists have demonstrated a variety of large-scale wind sensors in flying animals, but they have not yet found any fine-scale mechanisms.

1. The word “intended” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A) correct

B) desired

C) expected

D) required

2. The phrase “in principle” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A) as needed

B) with little effort

C) quickly

D) theoretically

3. According to paragraph 1, large-scale wind sensors help a flying animal to

A) determine how fast it needs to fly to make use of the relative wind

B) avoid being caught in wind gusts

C) maintain its course when hit by passing wind gusts

D) adjust its movements for effective wing stroke

We know much more about insect wind sensors than about those of vertebrates. This surprising situation is largely because of the constraints of the insect exoskeleton (outer casing) and the relative simplicity of the insect nervous system. The exoskeleton forms a rigid body covering, so that every sensory receptor must have some structural specialization to allow it to detect anything outside the body. Often, these modifications take the form of a hair. Some biologists have become quite adept at determining what type of stimulus – wind, sound, odors – triggers a given hair, and how that hair’s sensation are used by the insect’s brain.

4. The word “constraints” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A) design

B) materials

C) limitations

D) characteristics

.......余下托福阅读真题省略！

2019年7月6日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Sensing Airflow，10元有偿下载!