2019年3月16日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Confectioners and Penny Candies in the United States

2019年3月16日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Confectioners and Penny Candies in the United States

Prior to the nineteenth century, sugar often figured as only a secondary ingredient in the products of confectioners (makers of sweets); wealthy consumers came to confectioners’ shops in search of exotic imported fruit, for which sugar was often used as a preservative. █ The nature of the confectioner’s enterprise and the high social status of the confectioner’s customers remained consistent until the late 1830s, when technological advances and the increased accessibility of sugar expanded the market. █With such changes, confectioners began favoring not the preferences of the rich but the pleasures of the middle and working classes, no longer suiting only the tastes of adults but those of children too. █ Of course, fine confectioners remained, but the candy store became an enduring institution by catering to a very different set of customers and their needs. █

1. The word “enduring” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A) widespread

B) lasting

C) profitable

D) beloved

2. According to paragraph 1, sweets changed in the nineteenth century in part as a result of

A) a change in children’s food preferences

B) increased demand for imported fruit

C) the greater availability of sugar

D) the growth of the middle and working classes

3. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that in the late 1830s

A) wealthy consumers stopped buying products from confectioners

B) people had more money to spend on sweets

C) exotic imported fruit became less expensive

D) confectioners offered new kinds of products to the public

The success of penny candy (inexpensive candy sold as individual pieces or in small quantities) reflected the transformation of the confectioner’s shop into the candy store. And the candy store helped accustom the middle class to the idea of consuming sweet confections. As cheap, brightly colored, fanciful pieces of hard-boiled sugar, penny candies enchanted children, who saw them as dazzling gemstones in the glass jars of the corner store. What is more, these sweets were the first material goods that nineteenth-century children spent their own money on, making them so important that candy store owners later in the century relied almost exclusively on the patronage of children to keep them in business.

4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A) Children in the nineteenth century had money of their own to spend, leading to their becoming important to the success of stores selling certain material goods.

B) Penny candies were the first material goods that children bought with their own money although later in the century the patronage of children was not enough to keep stores in business.

C) The earliest products that children bought were penny candies, and children were such important consumers of these sweets that candy shops could not survive without their patronage.

D) During the late nineteenth century, children spent so much money on penny candies that some candy stores sold these sweets to the exclusion of other goods.

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