2019年9月21日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Fishing in Early Egypt

2019年9月21日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Fishing in Early Egypt

The easy availability of fish called Clarias, or Nile catfish, helped foster early human settlements in areas of modern-day Egypt. The Mediterranean Sea's level 16,000 years ago was far below modern levels. The mouth of the river that would later be called the Nile lay at least 50 kilometers offshore from where it is today. The river passed across a gently undulating near desert dissected by numerous small channels. Thanks to the steeper slope, it flowed much faster than it does today, bringing down more gravel than silt (finer particles carried by water). Far upstream, wadis—channels that were dry except during the rainy season- opened into the river. Small groups of foragers visited some sites to feed on the catfish that abounded in the shallows created by the annual Nile inundations (floods). The catfish harvest offered a temporary feast, but its real importance lay in the possibility of drying the catch, providing food for the lean months when other foods were scarce and elusive. Some groups used fire to smoke their catches. A 12,000-year-old site at Makhadma in Upper Egypt has yielded thick garbage heaps with fish bones and abundant charcoal: including what were probably smoking pits.

As sea levels rose and the Nile slowed, the inundations brought heavy silt loads that built up a large delta (landform) at its mouth. Water also overflowed into the dry Faiyum Depression, eight kilometers southwest of Cairo, forming fish-rich Lake Moeris.█ Its dunes, marshes, and reed beds made the depression a magnet for human settlement by at least 11,000 years ago. █Scatters of 9,000-year-old fish bones from camps along the north shore of the then-extensive lake have yielded numerous catfish bones. █The lake also supported a diverse population of other shallow-water species, most of which were taken from the receding floodwaters at spawning (egg laying) season.█

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1.Why does the author discuss a "12,000-year-old site at Makhadma in Upper Egypt"?

A To suggest that ancient Egyptians needed to move from place to place in order to harvest catfish year round

B To explain why the catfish harvest during Nile floods offered a temporary feast

C To support the idea that ancient Egyptians preserved fish by smoking them

D To indicate that ancient Egyptians burned their waste material in special pits

2.According to paragraph 1, the Nile of 16000 years ago differed from the modern Nile in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A The mouth of the Nile was lower than the level of the Mediterranean Sea today.

B The Nile flowed through a deeper channel in the near desert than it does today.

C The Nile’s slope was steeper than it is today.

D The Nile flowed much faster than it does today.

3.Paragraph 2 answers all of the following questions about Lake Moeris EXCEPT:

A How was Lake Moeris created?

B What land features first attracted settlers to the Lake Moeris area?

C Why was there a difference between the time of human settlement and the age of fish bones found around Lake Moeris?

D How do historians know that long ago Lake Moeris provided large numbers of catfish?

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