2019年10月26日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Kelp Seaweed Forests

2019年10月26日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Kelp Seaweed Forests

Kelp, a form of large brown algae, grows in cold, nutrient-rich oceans. A kelp plant typically has a long flexible stalk, leaflike fronds, and a holdfast anchoring it to the seafloor. The largest variety, the giant kelp, can grow as tall as 165 feet (50 m) and reach from the seafloor to the surface. Where these large kelp flourish, they create forests in the sea.

Kelps, like most other seaweeds, have a complex life cycle that involves two different forms--an asexual phase of the life cycle that alternates with a sexual phase. The quick-growing, robust plant--the kelp with its frond--is technically called the sporophyte and is the asexual phase. It produces many spores that can disperse, settle, and grow to colonize suitable spaces that become available. The second phase of the life cycle, the sexual one, involves the spores growing to form tiny gametophytes--plants that will produce sex cells (gametes). Some of the spores will grow into female gametophytes (that will produce egg cells), and others will develop into male gametophytes (that will produce sperm cells). Fertilization of released egg cells by sperm cells does not always succeed, but where it does it gives rise to a sporophyte generation that is genetically different from the contributing parents. Generating variation in this manner, though costly, has evolutionary advantages for the species by producing new genetic combinations among descendants on which natural selection can act.

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1. The word "complex" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. complicated

B. total

C. long

D. active

2. The word ""disperse"" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. float

B. survive

C. spread

D. develop

3. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of the asexual phase of a kelp's life cycle?

A. All of the plant's energy is put into its own growth.

B. It produces the spores that grow during a later phase of its life cycle.

C. The plant produces gametes but does not release them until the next phase of its life cycle.

D. It sets the kelp apart from most other seaweeds, which only have a sexual phase.

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