托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Origins of the Industrial Revolution

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Origins of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, the wave of technological, economic and social changes that helped produce what we know as modern Europe, arose among back-country English cottage craftspeople in the early 1700s and fundamentally restructured industry. █First, human hands were replaced by machines in the fashioning of finished products, rendering the word manufacturing made by hand technically obsolete. █No longer would the weaver sit at a hand loom and painstakingly produce each piece of cloth. Instead, large mechanical looms were invented to do the job faster and more economically. Second, human power gave way to various forms of inanimate power. █The machines were driven by water power, the burning of fossil fuels, and later by hydroelectricity and the energy of the atom. Men and women, once the proud producers of fine handmade goods, became tenders of machines. Within a century and a half of its beginnings, this economic revolution had greatly altered industrial activity.█

1.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? lncorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information

A A wave of changes in modern Europe fundamentally restructured the lives of English craftspeople

B The Industrial Revolution, which restructured industry in Europe began among English craftspeople in the early 1700s

C Major technological, economic, and social changes in back country England produced the Industrial Revolution

D The Industrial Revolution introduced many technological economic, and social changes

2.The word "inanimate" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A superior

B energy-saving

C nonliving

D newly invented

3.According to paragraph 1, the Industrial Revolution resulted in all of the following EXCEPT

A a reduction in the production of handmade goods

B an increase in the pride workers took in making the goods they produced

C the development of faster ways of making certain products

D the use of nonhuman sources of power

The initial breakthrough came in the secondary, or manufacturing sector More exactly, it occurred in the British cotton textile industry, centered at that time in the district of Lancashire in western England At first the changes were modest and on a small scale Mechanical looms were invented, and flowing water, long used as a source of power by local grain millers, was harnessed to drive the looms During this stage, manufacturing industries remained largely rural, diffusing to sites where rushing streams could be found, especially waterfalls and rapids. Later in the eighteenth century the invention of the steam engine provided a better source of power, and a shift away from water-powered machines occurred In the United States, too, the first factories were textile plants.

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