托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Polynesian Migration

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Polynesian Migration

Polynesia is a large grouping of islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The origins of the indigenous people of the Polynesian islands are the subject of some debate, as are the reasons for their migration from one island to another. In about 3000 B.C.E, people living in the Bismarck Archipelago (a chain of islands in the neighboring region of Melanesia) began making pottery, keeping domesticated dogs, pigs, and chickens, and growing vegetables. Their culture was known as the Lapita culture, and the people were likely ethnic Chinese. In about 1300 B.C.E., they began to spread eastward into Polynesia. Over the next 2,300 years, they brought their culture to several islands there, including New Zealand, where the Polynesian settlers became known as the Maori people. Their long voyages were made in canoes approximately 65 feet (20 meters) long. These canoes carried crews of at least five and up to 15, with a supply of vegetables, live chickens and pigs, and water stored in gourds that could be augmented by collecting rainwater in sailcloth.

1.The word "augmented" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A acquired

B increased

C replaced

D maintained

2.According to paragraph 1, what is a question about Polynesians that is the subject of some debate?

A Why did their ancestors leave mainland China?

B How did they affect the culture of Polynesia when they first spread there?

C Why did they migrate from island to island?

D What kind of work did they engage in?

Navigators memorized the routes to other islands and taught them to young men who were learning the skill of navigating, in the form of songs and drawings. Their method was based first on their knowledge of the direction and times of rising and setting of the most prominent stars and planets. Voyages began at dusk. The navigator set a course in relation to the direction of prominent landmarks that were still visible and of the stars, and during the night he would steer by the stars. During the day he would steer by the Sun. The condition of the sea and direction of the wind also provided valuable information. In the tropical Pacific, the prevailing winds blow from the northeast to the north of the equator and from the southeast to the south of the equator. Because they blow for most of the time, the winds produce a large swell, with waves that all move in the same direction. Navigators could steer by the direction of their canoe in relation to the swell, and they would tow a length of rope in the water behind the canoe. If a sudden wave or gust of wind blew the canoe to one side, the rope would not be affected and its line would record the direction they should steer. Small pennants (flags) tied to the canoe indicated the wind direction, which was also useful. In addition, Polynesian sailors knew the paths followed by migrating birds and whales. They were familiar with ocean currents, the cloud patterns that formed over distant islands, and they watched for floating plant debris that indicated land just over the horizon.

3.According to paragraph 2, which of the following was the purpose of the rope that Polynesian sailors towed behind their canoes?

A To hold canoes steady when there were changes in wave direction

B To rescue sailors knocked off the canoe by a sudden wave or gust of wind

C To indicate the direction in which the canoe needed to go when its course was interrupted

D To warn sailors about the direction of approaching swells

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