托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Porcelain in Seventeenth-and Eighteenth-Century England

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Porcelain in Seventeenth-and Eighteenth-Century England

Porcelain is a white ceramic that originated in China and that incorporates kaolin clay.When Asian porcelains first appeared in Europe,Europeans were delighted and mystified by their lightness, hardness,and translucence (allowing light to pass through).Starting in the seventeenth century,Britain’s East India Company imported large quantities of goods from East Asia,with the volume of imported porcelain rising dramatically toward the end of that century and into the eighteenth.One reason for this increased importation of porcelain was the increasing popularity of the hot beverages coffee,chocolate, and tea.The earliest London coffeehouses date from the 1650s,and, though the first known advertisement for tea appeared in 1656,it was not imported by the East India Company for resale in Britain until 1678.The rising popularity of coffee drinking and tea drinking in Britain,and the vastly increased importation of Far East ceramics,are thus both phenomena that had their origins in high-class British social life during the last quarter of the seventeenth century.Being heavy and not susceptible to water damage,porcelain was packed underneath the very much lighter cargoes of tea brought by the East India Company.The histories of the two are thus closely intertwined, and the links extended from the act of importation to its sale-as porcelain dealers very often sold tea,coffee,and chocolate in addition to ceramics and glass-right through the final act of consumption.

1.The word "incorporates” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A is found in

B is partly composed of

C resembles

D behaves like

2.According to paragraph 1,which of the following was a reason why porcelain imports rose dramatically at the end of the seventeenth century?

A The British East India Company began to expand its trade to include porcelain that originated in China.

B Porcelain became lighter and easier to transport.

C Porcelain was highly advertised in coffeehouses and other stylish places.

D People increased their consumption of hot drinks such as coffee, tea,and chocolate.

⬛Porcelain was resistant to the thermal shock of contact with boiling water,but unlike silver (of which late-seventeenth-and early-eighteenth-century teapots continued to be made)it did not get uncomfortably hot.⬛And being of Asian origin,it no doubt seemed the appropriate material from which to drink the teas imported by the East India Company.⬛As importation increased,some of the mystery surrounding its production was dispelled.⬛Indeed,its preparation was described in two letters by Pere D’Entrecolles,a Jesuit missionary resident at the great ceramic center of Jingdezhen,China,in 1712 and 1722.These letters were published in Paris in the 1720s and subsequently appeared in a work on China published in French and English editions in the 1730s.

3. The word “appropriate ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A highest quality

B strongest

C best known

D proper

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