2017年7月1日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The British Economy in the Eighteenth Century

2017年7月1日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The British Economy in the Eighteenth Century

The British economy expanded significantly in the eighteenth century, particularly with the development of factory manufacturing. By the middle of the century, it had begun to alter the northern English landscape. "From the Establishment of Manufacturers we see Hamlets swell into Villages. and Villages into Towns.," exclaimed one gentleman in the 1770s. The production of manufactured goods doubled in the second half of the century. Cotton manufacturing led the way: from 1750 to 1770, British cotton exports doubled. The production of iron followed in importance, along with wool and woolen fabrics, linen, silk, copper, paper, cutlery, and the booming building trades. Coal was substituted for wood as fuel.

1.In saying that coal "Was substituted", for wood, the author means that coal

A was preferred to wood

B was used as well as wood

C was used instead of wood

D was more common than wood

The British economy expanded significantly in the eighteenth century, particularly with the development of factory manufacturing. By the middle of the century, it had begun to alter the northern English landscape. "From the Establishment of Manufacturers we see Hamlets swell into Villages. and Villages into Towns.," exclaimed one gentleman in the 1770s. The production of manufactured goods doubled in the second half of the century. Cotton manufacturing led the way: from 1750 to 1770, British cotton exports doubled. The production of iron followed in importance, along with wool and woolen fabrics, linen, silk, copper, paper, cutlery, and the booming building trades. Coal was substituted for wood as fuel.

2.According to paragraph 1, what was Britain's most productive industry in the second half of the eighteenth century?

A Iron production

B The building trades

C Wool and woolen fabrics

D Cotton manufacturing

Despite its relatively small size, Britain had significant economic advantages over the other nations of Europe, helping to explain why the manufacturing revolution began in Britain. Unlike the German or Italian states, Britain was unified politically. People living in England spoke basically the same language. France and the Italian and German states still had internal tariffs that made trade more costly. whereas in Britain there were no internal tariffs once the union between England and Scotland had been achieved in 1707, creating Great Britain. The system of weights and measures in Britain had largely been standardized. Indeed, Great Britain was by far the wealthiest nation in the world. colonies in faraway parts of the world provided raw materials for manufacturing and markets for goods produced in Britain; for example, the amount of raw cotton imported from India increased by twenty times from 1750 to1800.

3.According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT one of the economic advantages Britain had over other European nations?

A It had a common language and was politically unified.

B It had close ties to several other European nations.

C It had free trade within its borders.

D It had a standardized system of weights and measures.

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