2021年11月6日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Spider Web Decorations

2021年11月6日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Spider Web Decorations

An evolutionary puzzle is provided by orb-weaving spiders (weavers of round webs) that incorporate impressive zigzag lines of white ultraviolet silk into their webs. which would seem to make the trap more obvious to the prey that the spider needs to catch.Given that many insects can see ultraviolet light, one wonders how orb weavers could gain by alerting potential victims to the danger posed by their webs. But perhaps these web additions actually attract ultraviolet-reflecting bees that specialize in taking nectar from ultraviolet-reflecting flowers. The fact that bees constitute the large majority of prey of some spiders with ornamented webs supports this hypothesis.

1.The word "impressive" in the passage is closest in meaning to

O multiple

O remarkable

O solid

O hard to understand

On the other hand, it could be that spiders that have been catching many prey. simply because their webs are in a good spot,are the spiders that tend to add decorations to their webs. If this is true, then the correlation between web decorations and higher rates of prey capture need not mean that the decorations cause the increase in prey capture. Instead, perhaps high feeding rates provide the extra energy that the spiders need to spin their web decorations. which they do for some purpose other than prey attraction. This hypothesis can be evaluated by testing the prediction that spiders given an abundance of food should invest more in web decorations than spiders deprived of food. Indeed, in two species of orb-weaving spiders, females that received more food made significantly larger decorations, and in one species.well-ed females were more likely to add decorations to their webs than were food-deprived individuals.

2.Which of the following does paragraph 1 suggest is the reason why some bees are attracted to the webs of orb-weaving spiders?

O The spiders build their webs near nectar-containing flowers.

O The bees have difficulty seeing the spiders due to the ultraviolet silk.

O The bees mistakenly think that the web decorations are flowers.

O Bees and spiders share some of the same food sources.

3.Why does the author include the information that,"in two species of orb-weaving spiders,females that received more food made significantly larger decorations, and in one species.well-ed females were more likely to add decorations to their webs than were food-deprived individuals"?

o To support the claim that spiders that capture more prey have more energy to decorate their webs

O To emphasize the point that some spiders do not receive enough food

O To argue that well-fed female spiders are more likely to make large web decorations than male spiders are

O To show that food-deprived spiders are more likely to add decorations to their webs than well-fed spiders are

4.The hypothesis concerning web decorations and prey capture presented in paragraph 2 provides an explanation for all of the following EXCEPT

O why some spiders are able to catch more prey than others

O why food-deprived spiders are less likely to decorate their webs

C why different species of orb-weaving spiders do not have the same responses to food deprivation

O why some spiders build larger decorations than other spiders of the same species do

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