2021年9月18日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Ancient Mapmaking

2021年9月18日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Ancient Mapmaking

Claudius Ptolemy, who lived from approximately 85 to 168 AD, was an ancient mapmaker whose works were rediscovered in Europe after being lost until the fifteenth century. He lived in Alexandria, Egypt, where he used Alexandria's famous library to compile existing knowledge of astronomy. geography, and astrology into three treatises. The astronomy and geography treatises had a long-lasting influence. but they both presented serious errors that went uncorrected for about 1,300 years. Ptolemy's astronomy treatise, Almagest, rejected the theory earlier proposed by Aristarchus (approximately 230 BC) that Earth revolves around the Sun.Ptolemy's geocentric idea-that Earth was the center of the universe -accepted the ideas of Aristotle and formed the main thesis of his treatise. When Ptolemy's works resurfaced in the fifteenth century.they were accepted as gems of ancient wisdom, and few had the nerve or the authority to challenge them. Likewise, any sixteenth century maps that altered the Ptolemy map were regarded with suspicion.

1.According to paragraph 1. which of the following is true of Ptolemy's treatises?

O They were no longer accepted in the fifteenth century

O They presented the idea that Earth revolves around the Sun.

O They rejected the ideas of Aristotle

O Their inaccuracies had an impact on fifteenth-century thought

2.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of Aristarchus?

O He was an ancient mapmaker like Ptolemy.

O He proposed a theory that Earth was not at the center of the universe.

O His theory was based on Ptolemy's astronomy treatise Almagest

O He largely accepted the astronomical ideas of Aristotle.

In his other influential treatise, Geographia, Ptolemy rejected the nearly correct computation of the distance around Earth-Earth's circumference-made by Eratosthenes in approximately 240 BC Rather, he chose an erroneous and much smaller distance (about 75 percent of the actual size). Ptolemy did not make any measurements himself, as Eratosthenes had done, but selectively compiled other information that was known at the time. The estimate he chose came from the Greek astronomer Poseidonius. Subsequently, however, his choices became known as Ptolemaic ideas and were considered I irrefutable. Also, Ptolemy assumed that the known world's land surface covered 180 degrees of longitude ranging from the Canary Islands in the west to the easternmost part of Asia (about 20 degrees of longitude too much). This error on his map showed the Atlantic Ocean much too narrow and connecting western Europe and east Asia, without the American continents in between. This remained the understanding of the world for 1.300 years.

3.The word "erroneous" in the passage is closest in meaning to

O widely accepted

O recently determined

O Incorrect

O Debatable

4.According to paragraph 2, how did Ptolemy determine the circumference of Earth for his treatise Geographia?

O He made his own measurements.

O He computed an average of the measurements made by several Greek astronomers.

O He relied on Eratosthenes' computation.

O He used an estimate Poseidonius had made.

。。。。。余下托福阅读真题及题目省略！

2021年9月18日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Ancient Mapmaking，10元有偿下载完整版！