2020年8月30日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Zebra Stripes

2020年8月30日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Zebra Stripes

Zebras, horse like animals native to the grasslands of Africa, are known for their distinctive black and white stripes. ⬛Historically many scientists thought zebras' stripes served to camouflage (hide) them from predators, such as lions and hyenas. ⬛This assumption was based on the observation that other animals, such as tigers, have similar stripes that make them less visible. However, in recent years scientists have noted that zebras' environment and behavior are not well suited to camouflage by stripes.⬛ Tigers often inhabit heavily forested areas in which there, vertical stripes help them blend in with the surrounding trees, but zebras typically inhabit open grasslands. ⬛Unlike tigers, who use stealth to stalk their prey, zebras are herbivores that rarely hold still when threatened by predators; instead, they rely on their good eyesight to spot predators at a distance and flee at any signal of danger.

1.According to paragraph 1, which of the following TWO observations cast doubt on the assumption that zebras use stripes as camouflage? To receive credit, you must select two answers.

A A variety of grassland predators, such as lions and hyenas, hunt zebras.

B Zebras do not live in areas that have manytrees

C Tigers are well adapted to seeing striped prey.

D Zebras run away when they are in danger.

A zebra's stripes may help to protect it in other ways. Stripes may help zebras blend in with each other, rather than blend in with their environment. Zebras live in large herds, and they flee as a group when threatened. The dense pattern of moving zebra stripes may appear as a mass of confusing images, making it difficult for predators to target individual zebras. Catching a fleeing zebra requires a precisely timed final leap, and a zebra's stripes may interfere with predators' perception of distance. Because zebras have some ability to defend themselves by using their hind legs to kick at pursuing predators, at times powerfully enough to cause serious injury, a zebra's distinctive stripes may also serve as a Warning that encourages predators to seek less dangerous prey. However, none of these explanations is strongly supported by observation. Zebras are killed by lions about as frequently as other unstriped prey animals.

2.The word “dense” in the passage is closest in meaning to

O complex

O evenly separated

O closely spaced

O unusual

3.According to paragraph 2, zebras' stripes may have which of the following effects on a predator?

O The stripes make it hard for predators to distinguish zebras from their natural environment.

O The stripes make it difficult for predators to follow herds of zebras

O The stripes make it hard for a predator to judge how far away a zebra is.

O The stripes make zebras seem larger and more threatening to a predator.

4.In paragraph 2, why does the author compare how frequently lions kill zebras with how frequently they kill other animals?

O To emphasize the threat that lions pose to zebras

O To argue that lions can hunt many different types of animals

O To point to the weakness of all the hypotheses discussed in the paragraph

O To show that scientists need more observations of zebras and lions to explain why zebras are killed so frequently

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