托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Herbivores on the Serengeti Plain

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Herbivores on the Serengeti Plain

Herbivores (plant- eating animals) living in the same environment often compete for food plants. But in some cases, herbivores may cooperate in the harvesting of plant matter. The grazing system of large herbivores on the Serengeti Plain of east Africa is an excellent illustration of how these animals may interact over their food supply. The Serengeti Plain contains the most spectacular concentration of large mammals found anywhere in the world. Approximately 1,000,000 wildebeests, 600,000 Thomson's gazelles, 200,000 zebras, and 65,000 buffalo occupy an area of 23,000 square kilometers (9,000 square miles), along with undetermined numbers of 20 other species of grazing animals.

1.According to paragraph 1, the grazing pattern of large Serengeti herbivores illustrates which of the following points?

O Large herbivores living on the Serengeti Plain are strong competitors for food plants.

O Plant matter on the Serengeti Plain is very scarce for grazing animals.

O Some large herbivores cooperate in grazing for food on the Serengeti Plain.

O The Serengeti Plain supports a remarkably large variety of mammals.

The dominant grazers of the Serengeti Plain are migratory and respond to the growth of the grasses in a fixed sequence.⬛ First, zebras enter the long-grass communities and remove many of the longer stems. ⬛Zebras are followed by wildebeests, which migrate in very large herds and graze and trample upon the grasses until they are close to the ground. ⬛Wildebeests are, in turn, followed by Thomson's gazelles, which feed on the short grass during the dry season.⬛

2.The word “fixed” in the passage is closest in meaning to

O natural

O unchanging

O complex

O extended

3.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the sequence in which the large Serengeti herbivores feed depends upon

O the height of the grasses

O the type of grass species that is growing at a particular time

O the ability of the grazer to defend its feeding area from competitors

O the speed of the animal in reaching the Serengeti Plain

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