2021年5月15日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：E1 Nino and the Southern Oscillation

2021年5月15日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：E1 Nino and the Southern Oscillation 

Between the ocean surface and the atmosphere. there is an exchange of heat and moisture that depends, in pat, on temperature differences between water and air. Even a relatively small change in surface ocean temperatures could modify atmospheric circulations and have far-reaching effects on global weather patterns.

1.The word “relatively”the passage is closest in meaning to

O comparatively

O usually

O extremely

O surprisingly

Along the west coast of South America, where the cool Peru Current sweeps northward,southerly winds promote upwelling (rising to the surface and flowing outward ) of cold.nutrient- rich water that gives rise to large fish populations. especially anchovies. The abundance of fish supports a large population of seabirds whose droppings (ale guano) produce huge phosphate rich- deposits that support the fertilizer industry. Near the end of the calendar year, a warm current of nutrient-poor tropical water often moves southward, replacing the cold, nutrient-rich surface water.

2.According to paragraph 2,which of the following normally occurs along the west coast of South America each year?

O The temperature of surface water changes.

O Southerly winds reverse and blow northward.

O Southerly winds Cause nutrient-rich cold water to sink downward.

O The Peru Current reverses direction and flows southward.

In most years, the warming lasts for only a few weeks to a month or more, after which weather patterns usually return to normal and fishing improves. However, when conditions last for many months, and a more extensive ocean warming occurs, the economic results can be catastrophic. This extremely warm episode, which occurs at irregular intervals of two to seven years and covers a large area of the tropical Pacific Ocean, is now referred to as a major El Nino event, or simply El Nino.

During a major El Nino event, large numbers of fish and marine plants may die. Dead fish and birds may litter the water and beaches of Peru; their decomposing bodies reduce the water's oxygen supply,which leads to the bacterial production of huge amounts of hydrogen sulfide. The El Nino of 1972-1973 reduced the annual Peruvian anchovy catch from 10.3 million metric tons in 1971 to 4.6 million metric tons in 1972. Since much of the harvest of this fish is converted into fish meal and exported for use in feeding livestock and poultry, the world's meal production in 1972 was greatly reduced. Countries such as the United States that rely on meal for animal feed had to use soybeans as an alternative This raised poultry prices in the United States by more than 40 percent.

3.According to paragraph 4, which of the following occurs during a major El Nino event?

O Many birds leave the area because fish and plant foods die.

O The water is richer in oxygen than usual.

O Bacteria produce a great deal of hydrogen sulfide.

O New plant species start to inhabit the areas where some marine plants died.

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