托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Polar Dinosaurs

Once there was an idea that dinosaurs were cold-blooded and only thrived in the swamps and wetlands of tropical climes. But the more we look, the more we realize dinosaurs were found in as many different kinds of habitats as birds and mammals are today. Polar dinosaurs, probably warm-blooded and feathery, were thriving roughly 70- -100 million years ago in great polar forests, of which there is no modem equivalent. Fossils of such dinosaurs have been discovered in Siberia, specifically at the Kakanaut River on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The dinosaur remains found here over the years are mostly teeth, but also include some bones, and they reveal the presence of a variety of species. All of these remains are from the very end of the Cretaceous, 66- 68 million years ago, just before the mass extinction event that saw the extinction of the non-bird dinosaurs. "The material was fragmentary but showed that the Arctic dinosaurs were very diverse," says Pascal Godefroit, an expert on early birds and birdlike dinosaurs who has been involved in the work at the Kakanaut River.

1.Paragraph 1 indicates which of the following about the habitats of dinosaurs?

O They were especially suitable for cold-blooded animals.

O They were as varied as the habitats of today's animals.

O They consisted primarily of polar forests, which cannot be found today.

O They lacked the wetlands and swamps of today’s tropical climes.

2.According to paragraph 1,the discoveries at the Kakanaut River site indicate that

O birdlike dinosaurs evolved around 66-68 million years ago

O dinosaurs had more teeth and stronger bones than was once thought

O before becoming extinct, dinosaurs existed in great diversity in Arctic regions

O a mass extinction event occurred later than was once thought

3.Which of the following can be inferred about the dinosaur fossils mentioned in paragraph 1 ?

O They belonged to a number of different periods within the Cretaceous.

O They were transported along the Kakanaut River from faraway polar forests.

O They consisted mostly of disconnected and relatively small parts of animals.

O They included more remains of birdlike dinosaurs than they did of non-bird dinosaurs.

The Kakanaut finds have been important in understanding the end-Cretaceous extinction event. This is in part because Kakanaut was within the Arctic Circle and just 1 ,600 kilometers from the North Pole at that time. Conditions then were warmer than today, but mean annual temperatures were still around 10 degrees Celsius, and there would have been frequent spells below freezing and many months of darkness. Dinosaur fossils found farther east across the Bering Sea in Alaska were left by creatures that endured similar climatic conditions, but some experts have argued that they migrated south in the winter, en masse, to avoid the coldest months. At Kakanaut, researchers found fragments of eggshell from hadrosaur and theropod dinosaurs, which suggested that these animals were breeding in polar regions and living there year-round.

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