托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Early Chinese Silk Production

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Early Chinese Silk Production

China is justly famous for its silk production which probably began more than 6,000 years ago. Excavations of Neolithic sites have revealed clay artifacts with impressions made apparently by silk cloth, as well as stone ornaments carved in the shape of silkworms. The earliest find of silk itself, dated to around 2800 B.C., is from Zhejiang province, where a fragment of cloth was preserved in damp conditions inside a bamboo box. Zhejiang province, in southeast China, has always been an important silk-producing area and was probably also the center of one of the major prehistoric cultures.

1.The word “justly” in passage is closest in meaning to

O rightfully

O relatively

O obviously

O traditionally

2.According to paragraph 1, archaeological evidence indicates which of the following about silk production in ancient China?

O Silk was produced as early as the Neolithic period.

O Although silkworms were raised during the Neolithic period, silk cloth was first produced around 2800 B.C.

O During the Neolithic period, silk cloth replaced stone and clay ornaments as the most valued item of trade.

O Silk production disappeared from Zhejiang province after the Neolithic period.

Later writers attributed a well-organized system of production to the Western Zhou dynasty(1050-771 B.C.). A text compiled or revised in the Han period(206 B.C.-A.D. 220)describes a silk supervisor, a hemp supervisor, dyers, and weavers working in the women's section of the palace. Although one silkworm, making its cocoon, spins a pair of filaments that may be up to one kilometer in length, because of the fineness of these filaments, thousands of silkworms are required to produce enough silk to weave a length of cloth. From an early date in China, it was found best to carry out the manufacture of silk cloth on a large scale, with division of labor according to the various tasks: picking the mulberry leaves to feed the silkworms, reeling the filaments from the cocoons, weaving, etc. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this highly organized and subdivided industry fascinated Westerners, who collected sets of illustrations of the different stages. Silk production has traditionally been associated with women in China, and in imperial days the empress would perform an annual mulberry-leaf-picking ceremony outside the Hall of Sericulture in Beijing.

3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as characteristic of silk production in China?

O Many people were involved in the production of each piece of doth.

O It was a process that interested Westerners.

O Each worker was trained to perform many different tasks.

O It was generally done by women.

By the Han dynasty the silk industry was already highly specialized, producing in addition to plain cloth, self-patterned monochrome cloth figured gauzes, and thicker, multicolored cloth. The last was highly valued, costing up to fifteen times as much as plain silk. Chain stitch embroidery also became widespread at this time and was used to decorate clothes, wall hangings, pillows, and horse trappings. Elaborate examples have been found in Han dynasty tombs in Hubei and Hunan provinces, where waterlogged land has preserved much organic material.

4.What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the Han dynasty tombs of Hubei and Hunan?

O They have fewer preserved organic materials than other tombs of the period.

O They are the only tombs from the Han dynasty that contain embroidered silk.

O They are less impressive in size and content than are tombs in other provinces.

O They have contained a high moisture content.

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