托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Examining the Problem of Bycatch

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Examining the Problem of Bycatch

A topic of increasing relevance to the conservation of marine life is bycatch-fish and other animals that are unintentionally caught in the process of fishing for a targeted population of fish. Bycatch is a common occurrence in longline fishing, which utilizes a long heavy fishing line with baited hooks placed at intervals, and in trawling, which utilizes a fishing net (trawl) that is dragged along the ocean floor or through the mid-ocean waters. Few fisheries employ gear that can catch one species to the exclusion of all others. Dolphins, whales, and turtles are frequently captured in nets set for tunas and billfishes, and seabirds and turtles are caught in longline sets. Because bycatch often goes unreported, it is difficult to accurately estimate its extent. Available data indicate that discarded biomass (organic matter from living things) amounts to 25-30 percent of official catch, or about 30 million metric tons.

1.The phrase “relevance to “ in the passage is closest in meaning to

O significance to

O debate about

O difficulty in

O threat to

2.Why does the author provide the information that "Available data indicate that discarded biomass (organic matter from living things) amounts to 25-30 percent of official catch, or about 30 million metric tons"?

O To disprove the claim that it is difficult to accurately estimate the extent of the bycatch problem

O To illustrate the extreme effectiveness of the longline and trawling methods

O To suggest that uncertainty about the true extent of bycatch does not leave in doubt that it is a problem

O To indicate that data about bycatch are available only from fisheries having the right kind of gear

The bycatch problem is particularly acute when trawl nets with small mesh sizes (smaller-than-average holes in the net material) are dragged along the bottom of the ocean in pursuit of groundfish or shrimp. Because of the small mesh size of the shrimp trawl nets, most of the fishes captured are either juveniles (young), smaller than legal size limits, or undesirable small species. Even larger mesh sizes do not prevent bycatch because once the net begins to fill with fish or shrimp, small individuals caught subsequently are trapped without ever encountering the mesh. In any case, these incidental captures are unmarketable and are usually shoveled back over the side of the vessel dead or dying.

3.The word “acute” in the passage is closest in meaning to

O common

O severe

O complicated

O noticeable

4.According to paragraph 2, why have larger mesh sizes not provided a practical solution to bycatch in shrimp fishing?

O Larger openings increase the risk that nets will get tangled on damaged as they are being hauled over the sides of the vessel.

O Openings large enough to prevent the capture of juvenile and other undesirable fish would also release the shrimp.

O Large mesh sizes are more likely to result in fish getting stuck partway through, causing more deaths within the catch.

O When nets grow full, they still trap fish that cannot reach the mesh openings.

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