2021年1月10日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Dvaravati Civilization

2021年1月10日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Dvaravati Civilization

Paragraph 1：The basis of a Buddhist civilization in Southeast Asia was laid between the sixth and ninth centuries. During that period, a distinctive culture complex named Dvaravati, with Buddhism as its religion, developed in central and northeastern Thailand and was associated with the Mon people. Little is known of its history or its geographical extent. Many of its inscriptions, however, are in the Mon language; and it is supposed that Dvaravati arose late in the sixth century, more as a civilization than as an empire, to take advantage of the overland trade between the Gulf of Martaban and the Gulf of Thailand. Characteristically, sites are clustered most densely, and date furthest back in time, along the fringes of the Thailand Central Plain. Those to the west are particularly well-known, and it is there that coins bearing the inscription “Lord of Dvaravati” have been found, the only local evidence of the name of that state.

1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is evidence of a close connection between the Dvaravati civilization and the Mon people?

A. There is an established record of trade between the Mon and Dvaravati peoples.

B. The traditional title of the ruler of the Mon people was Lord of Dvaravati.

C. Geographically, the Dvaravati civilization did not go beyond the area inhabited by the Mon people.

D. The remains of Dvaravati sites contain writing in the Mon language.

2. According to paragraph 1, although little is known about the Dvaravati civilization, one established fact is

A. how and where its first site developed

B. the religious belief of its people

C. its precise geographical boundaries

D. why sites are located in dense clusters

Paragraph 2：The dispersal of Dvaravati sites, and the nature of the objects uncovered there, provide considerable information concerning Dvaravati civilization. The central group of Dvaravati site is located in and around the Thailand Central Plain, extending outward along what must have been overland trade routes to Burma and eastward to Cambodia, and northeastward toward the Khorat Plateau. This particular configuration of sites suggests a commercial orientation; and the discovery of items foreign to Southeast Asia - beads, coins, lamps, and even imported statuary - indicates their foreign connections, important both economically and culturally.

3. The word dispersal in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. design

B. distribution

C. size

D. preservation

4. What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the significance of the location of Dvaravati sites?

A. Sites were concentrated along routes to Burma and Cambodia because of the close religious and cultural ties with those countries.

B. The placement of sites provided the necessary physical separation for the practice of Buddhism.

C. The location of the sites reflected the political dominance of the Dvaravati people over a wide area of Southeast Asia.

D. The Dvaravati sites were concentrated along trade routes that provided important economic benefits for their people

5. The word configuration in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. development

B. density

C. arrangement

D. variety

6. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is an important source of information about the Dvaravati civilization?

A. Records from countries such as Burma, Cambodia, and Laos that surround its sites.

B. The cultural objects that it produced for trade.

C. The way its sites are distributed and the items of foreign origin found at those sites.

D. The number of different trade routes that run through its sites.

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