托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Chaco Canyon

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Chaco Canyon

Archaeologists have discovered that the Anasazi civilization of present-day southwestern United States flourished even after environmental problems had reduced crop production and virtually eliminated timber supplies in Chaco Canyon,the center of the Anasazi population.Despite these problems,or because of the solutions the Anasazi found to them,the canyon's population continued to increase,particularly during a big spurt (sudden and brief increase)of construction that began in A.D.1029.Such spurts went on especially during wet decades,when more rain meant more food,more people,and more need for buildings.A dense population is attested not only by the famous great houses (such as Pueblo Bonito)spaced about a mile apart on the north side of Chaco Canyon,but also by holes drilled into the northern cliff face to support roof beams,indicating a continuous line of residences at the base of the cliffs between the great houses,and by the remains of hundreds of small settlements on the south side of the canyon.⬛ The size of the canyon's total population remains unknown and much debated. ⬛ Many archaeologists think that it was less than 5,000 and that those enormous buildings had few permanent occupants except priests and were just visited seasonally by peasants at the time of rituals. ⬛ Other archaeologists note that Pueblo Bonito,which is just one of the large houses at Chaco Canyon,by itself was a building of 600 rooms and that all those post holes suggest dwellings for much of the length of the canyon,thus implying a population much greater than 5,000. Such debates about estimated population sizes arise frequently in archaeology. ⬛

1.The word “eliminated”in the passage is closest in meaning to

O threatened

O discouraged

O decreased

O destroyed

2.According to paragraph 1,sudden and brief increases in the construction of buildings occurred in Chaco Canyon when

O timber supplies were introduced

O more crop production was needed

O rainfall was plentiful

O rituals became more popular

Whatever the number,this dense population could no longer support itself but was subsidized by outlying satellite settlements constructed in similar architectural styles and joined to Chaco Canyon by a radiating regional network of hundreds of miles of roads that are still visible today.Those outliers had dams to catch rain,which fell unpredictably and very patchily:a thunderstorm might produce abundant rain in one desert area and no rain in another area just a mile away.The dams meant that when a particular area was fortunate enough to receive a rainstorm,much of the rainwater became stored behind the dam,and people living there could quickly plant crops, irrigate,and grow a huge surplus of food at that area in that year.The surplus could then feed people living at all the other outliers that did not happen to receive rain then.

3.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

O Some areas were more fortunate than others,receiving rainstorms that supplied dams with rainwater for the people living nearby.

O Dams made it possible to store rainwater,allowing people to plant and irrigate crops that would result in local food surpluses.

O Rainwater in a particular area could be stored behind dams, making it possible for people in drier areas to plant and irrigate crops.

O Because an area had to be fortunate to receive a rainstorm, dams did not provide a source of rainwater for irrigation to all areas every year.

4.Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about the outlying settlements that were joined to Chaco Canyon?

O They were concentrated in areas known to have abundant rainfall in most years.

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