2018年11月4日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Early American Economy

2018年11月4日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：The Early American Economy

In the sixteenth century,settlers from England,a part of Britain, began to colonize North America.These colonies remained under British control until the American Revolution,which occurred at the end of the eighteenth century.The economic theory of mercantilism that was dominant from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century held that colonies should benefit the mother country by helping her become self-sufficient and wealthy.Beginning in the 1650s,the British Parliament passed a series of laws relating to the American colonies that were designed to advance those goals.Colonists were required to buy goods only from English merchants using English ships operated by English crews.The laws stated that certain products, such as tobacco,rice,and indigo,could be sold only in England and nowhere else.On the other hand,colonial agricultural products that competed with those produced by English farmers,such as wheat or meat,could not be sold in England.

1.According to paragraph 1,which of the following was the purpose of a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in the 1650s?

O Replacing mercantilism with an economic system that better supported English goals

O Ensuring that the American colonies contributed to English prosperity and economic independence

O Helping the American colonies make more efficient use of their natural resources

O Encouraging competition among American colonists for English markets

2.According to paragraph 1 , laws passed by the British Parliament in the 1650s did not allow American colonists to

O use American ships when transporting their goods to English markets

O sell tobacco,rice,or indigo in England

O buy agricultural products from England

O sell farm products to England that were already being produced in England

The mercantile system was designed to profit the colonizers-not the colonies-and Americans grumbled about some aspects of it and evaded some of its regulations. ⬛ But on balance,the colonies probably benefited from it. ⬛ For one thing,it gave colonial producers of protected goods a monopoly in the British market,and English economic energy and strength maintained a vigorous resale trade in American commodities on the European continent. ⬛ Also,the producers of some commodities received the inducement of a cash subsidy,called a bounty,that profited them immensely. ⬛ Finally,all American trade benefited from a strong British commercial and financial infrastructure and from the physical protection provided by the powerful British navy,which controlled the North Atlantic.The British connection was especially helpful in the second third of the eighteenth century,when English and European prosperity and population growth led to increased demand for American products. The British even lowered their barriers to American foodstuffs, creating a new market for colonial farmers.

3.The word “immensely” in passage is closest in meaning to

O financially

O enormously

O immediately

O frequently

4.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that European countries other than Britain

O bought American products from the British

O paid a cash subsidy to the American colonists

O had a stronger demand for American foodstuffs than the British did

O helped American colonists lower barriers created by British regulations

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