托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Examining the Diets of Prehistoric People

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Examining the Diets of Prehistoric People

One of the most important pieces of information about a prehistoric people is the nature of their diet.This information is especially relevant when trying to answer questions related to the origins and development of agriculture.Archaeologists can approach diet in a number of ways.They can study diet indirectly by figuring out what people might have eaten based on what was available in their natural environment.For example,deer,duck,turkey,and fish are known to have been available in what is now the northeastern United States for about 7,000 years.A hunting-and-gathering people in this area are likely to have used such resources at one time or another.The weakness of this method of reasoning is that we cannot know with certainty which of the available foods were most important in the diet.

1. According to paragraph 1,why is it useful to know which foods prehistoric people may have eaten?

O It helps archaeologists to better understand the beginnings of agriculture.

O It helps archaeologists to decide whether to study other habits directly or indirectly.

O It provides information about how a region's environment changed over time.

O It provides a clearer picture of which animals were most common in a given place.

2.According to paragraph 1,which of the following is a disadvantage of the indirect method of studying prehistoric diets?

O It is not well-suited to studying diets from before 7,00 years ago.

O It provides almost no information about how people obtained food.

O It is difficult to know what foods were available to people thousands of years ago.

O It does not provide information about which food resources were most important.

On the other hand,archaeologists can approach the question of diet more directly if there has been good preservation.In many instances,food remains themselves are still present in archaeological sites.Archaeologists can study the fireplaces and garbage heaps of the people who lived at a site and recover food material if it has been preserved.Such remains as bone,seeds,and nuts are often fragile and fragmentary,however,making it difficult to get them out of the ground and back to the lab for identification and analysis.In many cases,an archaeologist takes the entire feature,including all soil, back to the laboratory,instead of attempting to separate the dry soil matrix from the fragile archaeological remains in the field.In the lab, through a number of different procedures collectively called flotation, the archaeologist uses liquid to do the job of separation,taking advantage of the fact that soil and rock will not float in some liquids, whereas organic remains will.

3.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A The archaeologist first separates organic remains from soil and rock,and then removes them through flotation.

B The archaeologist takes advantage of the fact that soil and rock will not float when using them in a number of different procedures.

C The archaeologist uses liquids to separate organic remains from soil and rock through a process called flotation.

D The archaeologist uses different procedures to remove liquids from the soil and rock in which organic remains are found.

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