2014年5月17日托福阅读真题P1+题目+答案：Cognitive Maps in Animals

2014年5月17日托福阅读真题P1+题目+答案：Cognitive Maps in Animals

A central hypothesis of animal cognition is that many animals make use of cognitive maps—internal representations or codes—of the spatial relationships among objects in their surroundings. In a broad sense, most animals that migrate probably have some internal map of the way external objects are arranged.

The most extensive studies of cognitive maps have been made for animals exhibit seasonal migration, the regular back-and-forth movement of animals between two geographic areas at particular times of the year. Seasonal migration enables many species to access rich food resources throughout the year and to breed or winter in areas that favor survival. One long-distance traveler is the gray whale. During summer, these giant aquatic mammals feast on small, bottom-dwelling invertebrates that abound in northern oceans. In the autumn, they leave their northern feeding grounds and begin a long trip south along the North American coastline. Arriving in warm, shallow lagoons off Baja California (Mexico) in the winter months, they breed, and pregnant females give birth to young before migrating back north. The yearly round-trip, some 20,000 kilometers, is the longest for any mammal.

1. The word “exhibit” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.display

B.prefer

C.initiate

D.enjoy

2. Paragraph 2mentions all of the following as reasons that animals engage in seasonal migrations EXCEPT

A.to have access to rich food resources throughout the year

B.to spend the winter months in more favorable locations

C.to escape from other animals that feast on them

D.to reproduce in areas that make the survival of their young possible

Among insects, the monarch butterfly has one of the most remarkable seasonal migrations. During winter, these insects decorate certain trees at the western tip of Cuba, in a few mountain valleys of central Mexico, and at a few sites along the California coast. All monarchs alive at the end of summer fly south to reach their wintering sites. With the onset of spring, monarchs mate at the wintering sites and begin migrating northward. As they arrive at summer destinations, they lay eggs and then die. Two or more generations are produced during the summer, repopulating the United States and southern Canada. With the approach of fall, the summer’s last generation of monarchs flies south to the wintering grounds. They migrate as far as 4,000 kilometers and end up at a specific site, although they have not flown the route before.

3. According to paragraph 3, what is remarkable about the monarch butterfly’s seasonal migrations?

A.The ability of monarchs born 4,000 kilometers away from the species’ wintering sites to migrate to those sites

B.The ability to come back from wintering sites to summer destinations before laying eggs

C.The ability to locate wintering sites in various parts of North America

D.The ability to fly 4,000 kilometers without stopping to reach their wintering sites

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