2014年5月25日托福阅读真题P2+题目+答案：How Animals in Rain Forests Make Themselves Heard

2014年5月25日托福阅读真题P2+题目+答案：How Animals in Rain Forests Make Themselves Heard

Scientists have discovered that animals are experts at exploiting weather conditions and the physical conditions of their environments so that they are heard or not heard, and seen or not seen. The species living in rain forests must engineer their calls to accommodate all of the obstacles, such as leaf cover, that can deflect and degrade the sounds intended for a potential receiver. Over, short, loud bursts of sound tend to be more effective than longer calls at cutting through the dense foliage.

1. To ” deflect” sounds means to change their

A.direction

B.volume

C.frequency

D.clarity

2. The word ”potential” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.favorable

B.possible

C.expected

D.chosen

There is no natural environment on Earth noisier than a virgin rain forest. In the Peruvian rain forest, every species has developed clever or remarkably sophisticated strategies to ensure that its voice is heard. The noise creates a real challenge for the smaller residents, such as male tree crickets, which need to get the attention of females, often from a relatively long distance. Some species of crickets maximize the volume of their calls by chewing a hole in the middle of a leaf to create a sound baffle, similar to a stereo speaker. The leaf functions as a speaker cabinet, with the cricket in the center acting as the speaker.

5. Why does the author describe how some cricket species “maximize the volume of their calls”?

A.To argue that crickets are a major source of noise in virgin rain forests

B.To help explain why it is difficult for many smaller animals to be heard in rain forests

C.To help explain why rain forests are noisier than other natural environments

D.To illustrate a sophisticated way of making a call heard in a rain forest

6. The author mentions a “stereo speaker” in the passage in order to

A.contrast the ways in which humans and insects magnify their sounds

B.compare the ranges of sounds produced by humans and insects

C.support the claim that small size is a disadvantage for insects that produce calls

D.help explain how small insects magnify the sounds of their calls

A species of tree frog in Borneo has an inventive approach to getting its mating call heard over the noise. Mataphrenella sudana, which is only an inch long, has learned to exploit the sound properties of a water-filled hole in a tree in the same way that a person uses resonance, the intensification and enrichment of a sound by added vibration, in the shower to sing like a professional performer. The frog searches for a suitable hole and then partially submerges itself in the water. Its forte is the ability to adjust the frequency of its call to the size of the hole and play the tree like a musical instrument. As it sits in the hole, it begins vocalizing at different frequencies until it hits the one note that makes the hole and tree resonate.

3. The word ”inventive” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.simple

B.alternate

C.relative

D.creative

4. The word ”exploit” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.identify

B.be aware of

C.take advantage of

D.examine

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