2014年7月6日托福阅读真题P2+题目+答案：Coral Reef Communities

2014年7月6日托福阅读真题P2+题目+答案：Coral Reef Communities

Coral reefs are massive underwater structures made from the hard limestone exoskeletons of thousands of tiny living organisms (coral polyps) produced one on top of another in warm, clear, shallow ocean waters. Living polyps extend upward and outward from the coral colony center and live on top of the old dead exoskeletons. Coral reef communities are crowded with other animals representing virtually every major animal phylum. Space is at a premium on reefs, corals, seaweeds (various forms of algae), sponges, or other organisms cover virtually every surface. Because both corals and algae require light to survive, access to light, like space, is also a resource subject to competition.

1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of coral reefs EXCEPT:

A.Coral reefs grow biggest in the deepest waters of the ocean.

B.The organisms living around coral reefs compete for limited resources.

C.There are many different organisms in coral reef communities.

D.Coral reefs consist of the outer skeletons of small living organisms.

答案：A

Fast-growing, branching corals can grow over slower-growing, encrusting, or massive corals and deny them light. In response, the slower-growing forms can extend stinging filaments from their digestive cavity and kill their competitor’s polyps. Undamaged polyps on the faster-growing, branching coral, however, may grow very long sweeper tentacles, containing powerful nematocysts (stingers) that kill polyps on the slower-growing form. The faster-growing form repairs the damage and continues to overgrow its competitor. In addition to sweeper tentacles and stinging filaments, corals have several other mechanisms available for attack or defense.

2. According to paragraph 2, how do fast-growing branching corals defend themselves from attacks by slower-growing corals?

A.By producing stinging sweeper tentacles

B.By growing on top of the slower-growing corals

C.By blocking the light to the slower-growing corals

D.By destroying the stinging filament of the slower-growing corals

答案：A

3. The word "mechanisms " in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.adaptations

B.weapons

C.parts

D.means

答案：D

In general, slower-growing corals are more aggressive than fast-growing species. In cases where a competitor cannot be overcome, however, corals may survive by taking advantage of differences in local habitats. Massive corals are generally more shade tolerant and able to survive at greater depths. Therefore, on many reefs it is the fast-growing, branching corals that ultimately dominate at the upper, shallower portion of the reef, whereas more massive forms dominate in deeper areas

4. The word "ultimately " in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.naturally

B.eventually

C.quickly

D.clearly

答案：B

。。。。。余下原文和题目省略！

2014年7月6日托福阅读真题P2+题目+答案：Coral Reef Communities，完整版下载，10元有偿！