2014年8月30日托福阅读真题P1+题目+答案：Mesolithic Complexity in Scandinavia

2014年8月30日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Mesolithic Complexity in Scandinavia

The European Mesolithic (roughly the period from 8000 B.C to 2700 B.C) testifies to a continuity in human culture from the times of the Ice Age. This continuity, however, was based on continuous adjustment to environmental changes following the end of the last glacial period (about 12,500 years ago). Three broad subdivisions within the northern Mesolithic are known in Scandinavia. The Maglemose Period (7500-5700 B.C.) was a time of seasonal exploitation of rivers and lakes, combined with terrestrial hunting and foraging. The sites from the Kongemose Period (5700-4600 B.C.) are mainly on the Baltic Sea coasts, along bays and near lagoons, where the people exploited both marine and terrestrial resources. Many Kongemose sites are somewhat larger than Maglemose ones. The Ertebolle Period (4600-3200 B.C) was the culmination of Mesolithic culture in southern Scandinavia.

43. What can be infer from paragraph 1 about human life in Mesolithic Scandinavia?

A.People tend to live in smaller group during the Ertebolle Period than during earlier Mesolithic Period.

B.The areas where it was advantages to live changed over time as a result of environmental changes.

C.Human groups were less affected by environmental change during the Maglemose Period than during the Kongemose Period.

D.During most of the Mesolithic, people were more dependent on terrestrial food sources than other food sources.

答案：B

By the Ertebolle Period, the Scandinavia were occupying coastal settlements year-round and subsisting off a very wide range of food sources. These included forest game and waterfowl, shellfish, sea mammals, and both shallow-water and deepwater fish. There were smaller, seasonal coastal sites, too, for specific activities such as deepwater fishing, sealing, or hunting of migratory birds. One such site, the Aggersund site in Denmark, was occupied for short periods of time in the autumn, when the inhabitants collected oysters and hunted some game, especially migratory swans. Ertebolle technology was far more elaborate than that of its Mesolithic predecessors, a wide variety of antler, bone, and wood tools for socialized purposes such as fowling and sea-mammal hunting were developed, including dugout canoes up to ten meters long.

44. Why does the author mention "Aggersund site in Denmark" and its brief periods of occupation?

A.To suggest that supply of year round food sources near earlier settlement sites had nearly disappeared

B.To give an example of a small, temporary coastal site that took advantage of seasonal food sources

C.To illustrate how small coastal settlements could not last as long as large forest settlements

D.To high the fact that none of the Denmark camps were able to be occupied year-round.

答案：B

45. Paragraph 2 suggests that before the Ertebolle Period, hunting tools and other Mesolithic technologies

A.were available only in small coastal sites

B.were developed mainly in Denmark

C.were made mainly from animal bones

D.were somewhat simple

答案：D

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