2019年6月1日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Mexican Mural Art

2019年6月1日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Mexican Mural Art

The first major modern art movement in Latin America was Mexican muralism, which featured large-scale murals painted on the wall surfaces of public buildings. One of the most persistent strands in Latin American art in the last 80 years has been an engagement with political and social issues, including the struggle for social justice. This in turn has been accompanied by a desire for authentic forms of self-expression and freedom from cultural dependency. Although these preoccupations have taken many different forms, Mexican muralism was the first, and its influence was the most far-reaching. Muralism flourished in Mexico in the years immediately following the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) as a result of a combination of circumstances: a climate of revolutionary optimism and cultural experimentation that challenged traditional Eurocentrism, a small but strong group of relatively mature artists of energy, ideas, and ability, and a visionary minister of education, Jose Vasconcelos. Vasconcelos believed that Mexico was destined to play a central role on the international stage. He understood that ideas could be more quickly assimilated through images than through any other medium, and he had the courage to allocate the funds, and the walls of public buildings, to the artists to do with as they liked.

29. The word "persistent" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.important

B.fascinating

C.lasting

D.powerful

30. According to paragraph 1, Mexican muralism is concerned with

A.the attempt to make art a more important subject in the Latin American educational system

B.the combination of European art traditions with authentic Latin American art forms

C.the creation of a just society and an independent form of cultural expression

D.the use of art to raise funds for the construction of new public buildings

31. The author mentions the “Mexican Revolution” in the passage in order to

A.explain how the Mexican government used muralism to challenge European political beliefs

B.emphasize an important reason that Mexican muralism thrived

C.give an example of one the most popular subjects of muralism

D.emphasize the success of Mexican artists who participated in political conflicts

32. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the muralists got most of their financial support from

A.opponents of traditional Europe art

B.wealthy art lovers

C.other muralists from around the world

D.the Mexican government

33. According to paragraph 2, in what way can Mexican muralism be regarded as a characteristically modern art movement?

A.It was representational and often narrative in form.

B.It was supported by a small but enlightened artistic elite.

C.It questioned traditional ideas.

D.It emphasized the future rather than dwelling on the past.

The muralists shared a belief in the power of art to transform society for the better, to challenge social, political, economic, and cultural stereotypes, and to enrich the intellectual life of their country. During the 1920s and 1930s, they covered miles of wall with paintings representing aspects of Mexico’s past and present and the future to which all aspired. Although Mexican muralism is representational and often narrative in form, it should be recognized as a modern movement, it was modernizing in intent, in that it challenged the old order—culturally, socially, and politically. By definition, it was a public, accessible form of art—not a commodity that could be bought and sold by the wealthy elite. Its purpose was to educate, inform, enlighten, politicize and thus empower the general public, in particular the working classes.

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