2015年3月7日托福阅读真题P3+题目+答案：Art and Culture of Pacific Northwest Communities

2015年3月7日托福阅读真题P3+题目+答案：Art and Culture of Pacific Northwest Communities

Pacific Northwest Culture Area

The 1,600-kilometer stretch of the northwestern Pacific coast of North America (from southern Alaska to Washington State) provided an ideal environment for the growth of stable communities. Despite the northerly latitude, the climate is temperate. Natural resources were originally so rich that the inhabitants could subsist by fishing and hunting and gathering, without the need to domesticate stock or cultivate the land. Forests yielded an abundance of wood for buildings, for boats, and for sculpture. Beyond them the Rocky Mountains were an impenetrable barrier against raids. The area appears to have been settled around 500 A.D. by tribes of diverse origins speaking mutually unintelligible languages: from north to south they include the Tlingit, the Haida, the Tsimshian, the Bella Coola, the Kwakiutl, and the Nootka. The culture to which they contributed has, nevertheless, an underlying homogeneity and a distinct visual character.

29. According to paragraph 1, which of the following was NOT one of the factors that made the northwestern Pacific coast perfect for the development of stable communities?

A Temperate climate

B Natural protection from raids

C Abundant natural resources

D Easily cultivated land

30. When the author states that the tribes speak “mutually unintelligible” languages, this means that the tribes

A speak languages of similar difficulty

B cannot understand each other’s languages

C cannot understand the languages of tribes in neighboring areas

D understand the languages of tribes of similar origin

The peoples of the Northwest engaged in trade as well as warfare with one another, and this may account for the diffusion of cultural traits and artistic motifs throughout the area. Much of their art was concerned with religious ritual objects. But the rest is secular and springs from a preoccupation with the hereditary basis of their complex social structures.

31. The word “diffusion” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A development

B variety

C similarity

D spread

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