2019年2月24日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Water Supply in Venice

2019年2月24日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Water Supply in Venice

The city of Venice, built on saltwater marshes and crisscrossed by canals, experienced problems with its water supply for most of its history. One fifteenth-century French traveler noted that “in a city” in which the inhabitants are in water up to their mouths, they often go thirsty “How was the community to solve this important problem?

1. Why does the author include the quotation “in a city in which the inhabitants are in water up to their mouths, they often go thirsty”?

A. To indicate that the French traveled to Venice frequently in the fifteenth century.

B. To illustrate the opinion of other Europeans about the water situation in Venice

C. To suggest that the water supply problem of Venice continued well beyond the fifteenth century.

D. To emphasize how serious the water problem was in Venice.

Water drawn from the lagoon (the large, shallow body of water between Venice and the Mediterranean Sea) and the canals within the city served many domestic uses such as washing and cooking inventories of even the most modest households list large numbers of buckets, which were emptied and rinsed, the ones used to carry the brackish (somewhat salty) canal water were kept separate from those intended for fresh water. Still, even serving such needs would have been impossible if the canals of Venice had been extremely polluted. The government was obliged to impose controls, and in the early fourteenth century, the Great Council prohibited the washing of all cloth and dyed woolens in the canals, adding that water used for dyeing could not be flushed into the canals. Henceforth dirty water of that sort was to go into the lagoon. Thanks to resistance on the part of the dyers, infractions were many, the law did not reflect common practice. A century later, however, most of the dye works that used blood or indigo (a dark blue dye)had shifted to the periphery of the city, as had all activities “that let off bad odors or smells.”, such as butchering. Blood, carcasses, and spoiled meat were to go into the lagoon. The canals of Venice began to be protected in the name of nascent ecological awareness.

2. The word “Henceforth” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Instead of this

B. In addition

C. From this time on

D. In effect

3. The word “obliged” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. forced

B. allowed

C. expected

D. Persuaded

4. According to paragraph 2, why did the government place restrictions on dyers?

A. To protect the city’s drinking water

B. To prevent the lagoon from being polluted

C. To keep canal water clean

D. To discourage the use of blood and indigo for dyeing cloth

5. According to paragraph 2, how did dyers respond to the controls imposed by the government?

A. They switched from using dyes that let off bad odors or smells to new dyes that smelled much better

B. They resisted initially but eventually moved most of the dyeing operations outside the city center

C. They argued that the government did not consider common practice before imposing the controls

D. They started washing cloth and woolens dyed with blood and indigo in the lagoon

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