托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Egypt Circa 3100 B.C.

托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Egypt Circa 3100 B.C.

The city of Memphis, located on the Nile near the modern city of Cairo, was founded around 3100 B.C., as the first capital of a recently united Egypt. The choice of Memphis by Egypt’s first kinds reflects the site’s strategic importance. First, and most obvious, the apex of the Nile River delta was a politically opportune location for the state’s administrative center, standing between the united lands of Upper and Lower Egypt and offering ready access to both parts of the country. The older predynastic (pre- 3100 B.C.) centers of power. This and Hierakonpolis, were too remote from the vast expanse of the delta, which had been incorporated into the unified state. Only a city within easy reach of both the Nile valley to the south and the more spread out, difficult terrain to the north could provide the necessary political control that the rulers of early dynastic Egypt (roughly 3000-2600 B.C.) required.

1. The word “vast” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A. fertile

B. huge

C. unique

D. irregular

2. According to paragraph 1, why was Memphis a better choice for the capital of a united Egypt than either This or Hierakonpolis?

A. Memphis was in a better location for maintaining administrative control.

B. Memphis had long been a regional administrative center by the time Egypt was united.

C. This and Hierakonpolis had never actually been incorporated into the unified state.

D. Egyptian rulers had failed to keep political control over This and Hierakonpolis in predynastic times.

3. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one consequence of the unification of Egypt was

A. the reduction of the strategic importance of older centers of power

B. the opportunity for the recently united Egypt to become economically self-sufficient

C. the increase in political tensions between the rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt

D. the reduction of Egypt’s dependence upon the Nile for trade and communications

4. Which of the following best describes how paragraph 1 is organized?

A. Two simultaneous developments are described, as well as the reasons why neither one would have occurred without the other.

B. A hypothesis is presented, and then points in favor of that hypothesis as well as points against it are discussed.

C. A major event is described, and then the most obvious effects of that event are presented.

D. A decision is described, and then one likely motivation for that decision is presented.

The region of Memphis must have also served as an important node for transport and communications, even before the unification of Egypt. The region probably acted as a conduit for much, if not all, of the river-based trade between northern and southern Egypt. Moreover, commodities (such as wine, precious oils, and metals) imported from the Near East by the royal courts of predynastic Upper Egypt would have been channeled through the Memphis region on their way south. In short, therefor, the site Memphis offered the rulers of the Early Dynastic Period an ideal location for controlling internal trade within their realm, an essential requirement for a state-directed economy that depended on the movement of goods.

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