2015年5月9日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Vocalization in Frogs

2015年5月9日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Vocalization in Frogs

1. The t¨²ngara frog is a small terrestrial vertebrate that is found in Central America. T¨²ngara frogs breed in small pools, and breeding groups range from a single male to choruses of several hundred males. The advertisement call of a male t¨²ngara frog is a strange noise, a whine that starts at a frequency of 900 hertz and sweeps downward to 400 hertz in about 400 milliseconds. The whine may be produced by itself, or it may be followed by one or several chucks or clucking sounds. When a male t¨²ngara frog is calling alone in a pond, it usually gives only the whine portion of the call, but as additional males join a chorus, more and more of the frogs produce calls that include chucks. Scientists noted that male t¨²ngara frogs calling in a breeding pond added chucks to their calls when they heard the recorded calls of other males played back. That observation suggested that it was the presence of other calling males that incited frogs to make their calls more complex by adding chucks to the end of the whine.

1..The word incited in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. allowed

B. stimulated

C. forced

D. helped

2..According to paragraph 1, male t¨²ngara frogs add chucks to the whine they produce when

A. potential mates are unable to hear the frequency of their whine sounds

B. other males produce louder whine sounds than they do

C. the frogs breed in large pools rather than small ones

D. other males are present in their breeding pool

2. What advantage would a male frog in a chorus gain from using a whine-chuck call instead of a whine Perhaps the complex call is more attractive to female frogs than the simple call. Michael Ryan and Stanley Rand tested that hypothesis by placing female t¨²ngara frogs in a test arena with a speaker at each side. One speaker broadcast a pre-recorded whine call, and the second speaker broadcast a whine-chuck. When female frogs were released individually in the center of the arena, fourteen of the fifteen frogs tested moved toward the speaker broadcasting the whine-chuck call.

3..What is the relationship of paragraph 2 in the passage to paragraph 1

A. Paragraph 2 provides additional support for a scientific hypothesis discussed in paragraph 1.

B. Paragraph 2 questions the accuracy of a scientific observation discussed in paragraph 1.

C. Paragraph 2 provides a possible explanation for a scientific observation discussed in paragraph 1.

D. Paragraph 2 identifies some strengths and weaknesses of a scientific hypothesis discussed in paragraph 1.

4..According to paragraph 2, Ryan and Rand conducted an experiment to find out whether which of the following theories was true

A. Male frogs in a chorus use a whine-chuck call in place of a whine call.

B. Female frogs prefer a whine-chuck call to a simple whine call.

C. Male frogs tend to produce more whine-chuck calls than whine calls.

D. Female frogs respond differently to live calls from males than they do to recorded calls.

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