2019年10月12日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Historical Trends in European Urban Design

2019年10月12日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Historical Trends in European Urban Design

1. European city planning and design have a long history. Most Greek and Roman settlements were deliberately laid out on the grid system, within which the siting of key buildings was carefully thought out. The roots of modern Western urban planning and design can be traced to the Renaissance and Baroque periods (between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries) in Europe, when artists and intellectuals dreamed of ideal cities, and rich and powerful regimes used urban design to produce extravagant symbolizations of wealth, power, and destiny. Inspired by the classical art forms of ancient Greece and Rome, Renaissance urban design sought to recast cities in a deliberate attempt to show off the power and the glory of the state and church.

2. Spreading slowly from its origins in Italy at the beginning of the fifteenth century, Renaissance design successfully diffused to most of the larger cities of Europe. Dramatic advances in weaponry brought a surge of planned redevelopment that featured impressive geometric-shaped fortifications and an extensive sloping, clear zone of fire. Inside new walls, cities were recast according to a new aesthetic of grand designfancy palaces, geometrical plans, streetscapes, and gardens that emphasized views of dramatic perspectives. These developments were often so extensive and so interconnected with each other that they effectively fixed the layout of cities well into the eighteenth, and even into the nineteenth, century, when walls and/or open spaces eventually made way for urban redevelopment in the form of parks, railway lines, or beltways.

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托福阅读真题题目：

1..In paragraph 1, why does the author mention that most Greek and Roman settlements were laid out on the grid system

A. To show how they resembled one another in terms of their layout

B. To support the claim that city planning had a long history in Europe

C. To help explain why cities of Renaissance and Baroque design were typically laid out in the form of a grid

D. To contrast the sophistication of Greek and Roman urban design with the simplicity of the urban design of the Renaissance and Baroque periods

2..The word regimes in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. cities

B. builders

C. governments

D. planners

3..According to paragraph 1, an important goal of Renaissance urban design was to

A. serve as an expression of the wealth and power of the ruling class

B. improve the classical forms of ancient Greek and Roman cities

C. show that the state rather than the church was the most powerful institution in a city

D. restore the religious and civic buildings of a city to their previous glory

4..Paragraph 2 supports the idea that important features typical of Renaissance urban design resulted from

A. Renaissance designers' improved understanding of geometry

B. the characteristics of new weaponry

C. an increased interest in highly productive gardens

D. the need to reduce the likelihood of fires

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