2015年5月30日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Live Performance

2015年5月30日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Live Performance

1. Unlike video and cinema (although sometimes employing elements of both), the theater is a living, real-time event, with both performers and audience mutually interacting, each aware of the other's immediate presence. This turns out to be an extremely important distinction. Distinguished film stars, particularly those with theater backgrounds (as most have), routinely return to the live dramatic stagedespite the substantially greater financial rewards of film workand invariably prefer stage acting because of the immediate audience response theater provides, with its corresponding sensations of excitement and presence.

2. The first of these is the rapport existing between actor and audience. Both are breathing the same air; both are involvedat the same time and in the same spacewith the stage life depicted by the play. Sometimes their mutual fascination is almost palpable; every actor's performance is affected by the way the audience yields or withholds its responses: its laughter, sighs, applause, gasps, silences. Live theatrical performance is always a two-way communication between stage and house.

3. Second, theater creates a relationship among the audience members. Having arrived at the theaters as individuals or in groups of two or three, the audience members quickly find themselves fused into a common experience with total strangers: laughing at the same jokes, empathizing with the same characters, experiencing the same revelations. This broad communal response is never developed by television drama, which is played chiefly to solitary or clustered viewers who (because of frequent commercial advertisements) are only intermittently engaged, nor is it likely to happen in movie houses, where audience members essentially assume a one-on-one relationship with the screen and rarely (except in private or group screenings) break out in a powerful collective response, much less applause. By contrast, live theatrical presentations generate audience activity that is broadly social in nature: the crowd arrives at the theater at about the same time, people mingle and chat during intermissions, and all depart together, often in spirited conversation about the play. Moreover, they communicate during the play: laughter and applause build upon themselves and gain strength from the recognition that others are laughing and applauding. The final ovationunique to live performanceinevitably involves the audience applauding itself, as well as the performers, for understanding and appreciating the theatrical excellence they have all seen together. And plays with political themes can even generate collective political response. In a celebrated example, 1935s Waiting for Lefty was staged as if the audience were a group of union members; by the play's end the audience was yelling Strike! Strike! in response to the play's issues. Obviously, only a live performance could evoke such a response.

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托福阅读真题题目：

1..The word distinction in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. idea

B. blend

C. definition

D. difference

2..Paragraph 1 makes which of the following points about theater and film

A. Theater audiences tend to be more critical than film audiences.

B. Actors in the theater are usually not as well-known as film actors.

C. Theater companies tend to pay more than film companies do for the most distinguished actors.

D. Audiences respond to actors differently in theater than in film.

3..Paragraph 1 suggests that the reason distinguished film stars return to live theater is that they

A. are able to command higher fees as well-known actors

B. enjoy the excitement of performing before a live audience

C. have great respect for theatrical drama as an art form

D. are dissatisfied with the roles they are offered in films and television

4..The word rapport in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. excitement

B. balance

C. bond

D. fascination

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