2018年11月17日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Two Kinds of Lizards

2018年11月17日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Two Kinds of Lizards

1. Lizards can be divided into two types according to the way they look for food: sit-and-wait foragers and active foragers. Sit-and-wait lizards normally remain in one spot from which they can survey a broad area. These motionless lizards detect the movement of an insect visually and capture it with a quick run from their observation site. Sit-and-wait lizards may be most successful in detecting and capturing relatively large insects like beetles and grasshoppers. Active foragers, on the other hand, spend most of their time on the ground surface, moving steadily and poking their heads under fallen leaves and into crevices in the ground. These lizards apparently rely largely on chemical cues to detect insects, and they probably seek out local concentrations of prey such as termites. Active foragers appear to eat more insects than do lizards that are sit-and-wait predators. Thus, the different foraging behaviors of lizards lead to differences in their diets, even when the two kinds of lizards occur in the same habitat.

2. The different foraging modes also have different consequences for lizards regarding their exposure to predators. A lizard that spends 99 percent of its time resting motionless is relatively inconspicuous, whereas a lizard that spends most of its time moving is easily seen. Sit-and-wait lizards are probably most likely to be discovered and captured by predators that are active searchers, whereas widely foraging lizards are likely to be caught by sit-and-wait predators. Because of this difference, foraging modes may alternate at successive levels in the food chain: insects that move about may be captured by lizards that are sit-and-wait foragers, and those lizards may be eaten by active predators, whereas insects that are sedentary are more likely to be discovered by lizards that are active foragers, and those lizards may be caught by sit-and-wait predators.

3. The body forms of sit-and-wait foragers may reflect selective pressures different from those that act on active foragers. Sit-and-wait lizards are often stout bodied, short tailed, and colored to match their background. Many of these species have patterns of different-colored blotches that probably obscure the outlines of the lizard's body as it rests motionless on a rock or a tree trunk. Active foragers are usually slim and elongated with long tails, and they often have patterns of stripes that may produce optical illusions as they move. However, one predator-avoidance mechanism, the ability to break off their tails when they are seized by predators, does not differ among lizards with different foraging modes.

。。。。。此处省略余下原文！

托福阅读真题题目：

1..The word steadily in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. slowly

B. at an unvarying rate

C. cautiously

D. without making noise

2..The word concentrations in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. varieties

B. dense groupings

C. hidden traces

D. shelters

3..According to paragraph 1, sit-and-wait foragers and active foragers are different in all of the following EXCEPT

A. the methods that they primarily use to detect insects

B. the number of insects they typically eat

C. the habitats in which they can be found

D. the amount of time they spend moving

4..According to paragraph 1, compared to the insects typically consumed by sit-and-wait lizards, insects typically consumed by active lizards

A. move more quickly

B. are generally found in smaller groups

C. are often hidden from view

D. spend more time on the surface of the ground

。。。。。此处省略余下题目和答案！

2018年11月17日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Two Kinds of Lizards，完整版下载，10元有偿！