2017年5月6日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Photography and the Pictorial Weeklies

2017年5月6日托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Photography and the Pictorial Weeklies

In the 1840s a new type of publication arose in Britain and the United States: the pictorial weekly. Early pictorial weeklies were large-size news magazines that included 【plentiful 】 illustrations, often based on woodblock engravings. These magazines owed their rise in part to the development of new and better printing technologies, such as electrotype, and electrical process that used a wax mold of a page, covered in graphite, to create a metal plate for printing. Other methods had previously been used to create plates for printing, but the electrotype process was easier, faster, and more precise. It enabled the pictorial weeklies to have a distinctive large format.

1.The word “plentiful” in the passage is closest in the meaning to

A.popular

B.wonderful

C.numerous

D.complex

2.According to paragraph 1, the rise of pictorial weeklies in the 1840s made possible in part by

A.the discovery that electricity could be used to power printing presses

B.the discovery that plates could be used to print magazines faster than before

C.the development of new printing technologies

D.the development of new methods for carving woodblock designs

3.Paragraph 1 supports all of the following statements about the new weeklies of the 1840s EXCEPT:

A.They were larger than earlier magazines

B.They were the most popular type of mass publication

C.They included a large number of illustrations

D.They carried articles about news events

A second development of the early 1840s also influenced the nature of the illustrations in pictorial weeklies worldwide. If the arrival of the electrotype had made the high-volume printing of large, finely engraved illustrations possible, the emergence of photography gave many of these images a distinctive character. Soon after the daguerreotype (the earliest photographic process) had swept the world in the early 1840s, artists for pictorial weeklies began to use these early photographs as sources for their illustrations. The growing presence of woodblock-engraved portraits in the weeklies in the 1840s and 1850s arose directly from the popularity of portrait photographs, any of which could easily be mailed or shipped anywhere in the world.【 In 1857 the artist Winnslow Homer in Boston copied onto a woodblock a daguerreotype portrait of a sea captain who lived in California thereby allowing the captain’s likeness to reach publication in the Companion without the subject’s having been within a few thousand miles of the artist who had drawn him.】 Nothing quite like this had been possible so routinely or with such ease before the introduction of the daguerreotype in France in 1839 and its rapid spread elsewhere.

4.The word “emergence” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.improvement

B.prestige

C.influence

D.rise

5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.By copying a daguerreotype portrait onto a woodblock, Winslow Homer was able to create a portrait for publication even though he had never been near the person depicted in the portrait.

B.In 1857 the artist Winslow Homer used a daguerreotype portrait, a woodblock likeness of a sea captain from publication in a Boston weekly.

C.In 1857 the Boston-based Companion published a likeness of a sea captain even though the sea captain lived far away in California.

D.The portraits that were published in the Companion and other weeklies were produced by artists such as Winslow Homer who copied daguerreotype portraits onto woodblocks

6.The word “routinely” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.efficiently

B.regularly

C.quickly

D.cheaply

7. According to paragraph 2, how did the emergence of photography influence pictorial weeklies?

A.Photographs began to replace other types of illustration.

B.The use of photographs helped increase the worldwide popularity of weeklies.

C.Photographs made it possible to produce weeklies faster and more easily.

D.Artists began using photographs as sources for the illustrations they made for weeklies.

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