TPO63阅读真题+题目+答案下载：The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence

TPO63阅读真题+题目+答案下载：The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence

[ Paragraph 1] With the emergence of the Sumerian civilization in about 3100 B.C., a new era in human experience beganone in which the economic, polit ical, and social mechanisms created by humans began to affect the lives of cit ies, towns, and vi llages located hundreds and perhaps thousands of miles apart. In a real sense, a rapidly evolving world system linked hundreds of Southwest Asian societies all the way from modern-day eastern Iran to the eastern Mediterranean and the Nile Valley. This nascent world system developed as a result of insat iable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecological regions where societies were developing along very similar evolutionary tracks toward greater complexity. In each area, social developments and technolog ical innovations were triggered not only by basic economic needs but also by the competit ive instincts of newly urbanized elites, who used lavish display and exotic luxuries to reaffirm their social prestige and authority. Sumerian civi lization is a mirror of this developing regional interdependence.

1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that before the rise of the Sumerian civi lization : Southwest Asian societies had been

A. more densely populated

B. more independent of other societies in the reg ion

C. more complex economically

D. more dependent on authority

2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential in formation in the highl ighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. [This nascent world system developed as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecolog ical reg ions where societies were developing along very similar evolutionary tracks toward greater complexity.]

A. As complex societies evolved in more and more reg ions, demands for a new world order in creased

B. The new world system placed increasing demands on regions of Southwest Asia in which more complex societies had developed.

C. Less complex societies in the new world system had to demand locally unavailable raw materials from more complex societies in Southwest Asia.

D. Demands by developing Southwestern Asian societies for raw materials available outside their territories led to the emergence of a world system

3.According to paragraph 1, one of the causes of the social and technolog ical developments in Southwest Asia at the t ime of the Sumerian civi lization was

A. increased access to information

B. improved educational opportunit ies

C. competition for prestige and authority

D. stronger governmental control

[ Paragraph 2 ] Sumerian civilization came into being as a result of a combination of environmental and social factors The Sumerians lived in a treeless, lowland environment with fertile soils but no metal little timber, and no semiprecious stones They obtained these commodities by trad ing with areas where such items were in abundance. Sumerian ru lers controlled not only large grain surpluses that could be moved in river craft but also a flourishing industry in texti les and other luxuries. The trade moved up and down the great rivers, especially the placid Euphrates. Ancient overland trade routes linked the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the distant cities and ports in the Levant (eastern Mediterranean area). Even as early as Sumerian times, caravans of pack animals joined Anatolia to the Euphrates, the Levant to Mesopotamia, and Mesopotamia to isolated towns on the distant Iranian highlands to the east.

4. The word "flourishing? in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. new

B. prosperous

C. well -organized

D. promising

5. According to paragraph 2, Sumerians lacked all of the following EXCEPT

A. semiprecious stones

B. metals

C. grain

D. timber

[ Paragraph 3] Bronze tech no logy produced tougher-edged, more durable artifacts that could be used for more arduous day-to-day tasks One resu lting innovation was the metal- and wood-t ipped plow, an implement dragged by oxen that was capable of digging a far deeper furrow than the simple hoes and digging sticks of earl ier times. The plow was developed as irrigation agriculture assumed greater importance in Sumer, and the combined innovations increased agricultural yields dramatically. These yields not only supported larger urban and rural populations but also provided a means for the rulers of city-states both in Sumer and farther afield to exercise more control over food surpluses and over the wealth obtained by long-distance exchange.

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